本文選題：土壤侵蝕 + RUSLE��； 參考：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是人類發(fā)展及生存的基礎(chǔ),土壤侵蝕是引起土地退化、減少農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)生不穩(wěn)定斜坡、造成水污染及河道變化等一系列環(huán)境問題的重要因素,土壤侵蝕的發(fā)生制約了人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)進(jìn)程,因而,土壤侵蝕的監(jiān)測與預(yù)報(bào)是必不可少,對土壤侵蝕的治理也是刻不容緩。GIS與遙感技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,為土壤侵蝕的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測與空間格局的直觀觀測提供了強(qiáng)大的技術(shù)支持。本文以地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜且多暴雨的四川省攀西地區(qū)為例,在GIS與遙感技術(shù)的支持下,基于RUSLE 土壤侵蝕定量評價(jià)模型,計(jì)算攀西地區(qū)2010年土壤侵蝕量與土壤侵蝕模數(shù),分析攀西地區(qū)土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的空間分布特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上,充分考慮流域地理背景條件,利用地理探測器中的因子探測器與交互探測器,添加與流域相關(guān)的因子,定量分析河流周圍地區(qū)土壤侵蝕量與不同環(huán)境因子之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)研究區(qū)2010年年均侵蝕模數(shù)為26.96t·hm2t·a-1,大于水利部規(guī)定的西南地區(qū)允許土壤侵蝕模數(shù)5t.hm2.a-1。攀西地區(qū)的土壤侵蝕程度以微度侵蝕為主,占侵蝕總面積的37.37%,輕度侵蝕與中度侵蝕的面積比例分別是20.43%和20.39%,主要分布在安寧河、雅礱江以及金沙江流域的河谷地區(qū)以及河流中下游地區(qū)較為寬廣的沖積平原。強(qiáng)度侵蝕、極強(qiáng)度侵蝕以及劇烈侵蝕的部分,面積百分比之和為21.81%,主要分布于攀西中部地區(qū)南北走向坡度較大且植被蓋度較低的地區(qū)。(2) 土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度在不同高程帶上基本呈現(xiàn)由大變小的變化趨勢。在不同坡度帶上,土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度基本呈現(xiàn)波狀變化趨勢,隨著坡度變大,相同土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的面積也在不斷增大,坡度越大,地表的土壤越不容易保存,侵蝕強(qiáng)度也會增加。但是隨著植被覆蓋度的增加,土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度越大的地區(qū)其面積比重是在不斷下降的。不同土地利用類型條件下,土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度也不同,水田、居民點(diǎn)、建設(shè)用地、城鎮(zhèn)用地、湖泊、河渠、水庫、裸地、未利用地、灘地主要以輕度侵蝕為主;而旱地主要是微度侵蝕和輕度侵蝕為主;隨著海拔與坡度的增加,人類活動越來越少,有林地、高覆蓋度草地、灌木林地、疏林地、中覆蓋度草地、低覆蓋度草地、其他林地這些地區(qū)土壤的輕度侵蝕、中度侵蝕、強(qiáng)度侵蝕的比重也比其他土地利用類型的比重要大很多。(3)地理探測器的因子探測器揭示了不同地理圖層代表的因子對土壤侵蝕量影響的相對大小及其解釋力為:坡度(0.9578) 暴雨頻率(0.9518) 植被覆蓋度(0.7534) 匯水流域面積(0.4616) 土地利用類型(0.3127) 土壤類型(0.1499) 河網(wǎng)等級(0.013) 離河流距離(0.0066) 離匯水點(diǎn)距離(0.0025)。交互探測器得出各因子間的交互作用都大于單個(gè)因子對土壤侵蝕量的影響。
[Abstract]:Soil is the basis of human development and survival. Soil erosion is an important factor that causes land degradation, reduces agricultural production, produces unstable slopes, and causes water pollution and river channel changes. The occurrence of soil erosion restricts the sustainable development of human beings and the process of ecological civilization construction. Therefore, the monitoring and forecasting of soil erosion is essential, and it is also an urgent task to control soil erosion with the rapid development of GIS and remote sensing technology. It provides powerful technical support for real-time monitoring of soil erosion and visual observation of spatial pattern. Based on the quantitative evaluation model of soil erosion based on GIS and remote sensing technology, the soil erosion volume and soil erosion modulus in 2010 in Panxi area of Sichuan Province are calculated based on the quantitative evaluation model of RUSLE. On the basis of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion intensity in Panxi area, and considering the geographical background of the basin, the factors related to the watershed are added by using the factor detector and the interactive detector in the geographical detector. Quantitative analysis of the correlation between soil erosion and different environmental factors around rivers. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average annual erosion modulus of the study area in 2010 is 26.96 t hm2t a-1, which is larger than the allowable soil erosion modulus of 5t.hm2.a-1 in southwest China as stipulated by the Ministry of Water Resources. The degree of soil erosion in Panxi area is mainly micro-erosion, which accounts for 37.37% of the total area of erosion. The proportion of mild erosion and moderate erosion is 20.43% and 20.39% respectively, mainly distributed in the Anning River. The Yalong River, the valley area of Jinsha River and the broad alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the river. The part of intensity erosion, extreme intensity erosion, and intense erosion, The total area percentage was 21.81%, mainly distributed in the area with large north-south trend slope and low vegetation coverage in the central Panxi area.) the soil erosion intensity basically showed a trend of change from large to small in different elevation zones. In different slope zones, the soil erosion intensity basically presents a wave-like change trend. With the slope increasing, the area of the same soil erosion intensity is also increasing. The larger the slope, the less easy the soil is to preserve, and the more erosion intensity will increase. However, with the increase of vegetation coverage, the area proportion of soil erosion intensity is decreasing. Under different land use types, the intensity of soil erosion is different, paddy field, residential area, construction land, urban land, lake, canal, reservoir, bare land, unused land, beach land are mainly slightly eroded; With the increase of elevation and slope, the human activities are less and less, such as woodland, high coverage grassland, shrub land, open forest land, middle coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, etc. Other woodlands, these areas of the soil erosion, moderate erosion, The ratio of intensity erosion is also much larger than that of other land use types.) the factor detectors of geographical detectors reveal the relative magnitude of the factors represented by different geographic layers on soil erosion and their explanatory power. The slope is 0.9578) the frequency of heavy rain is 0.9518) the vegetation coverage is 0.7534) the area of catchment basin is 0.4616) the land use type is 0.3127) the soil type is 0.1499) the river network grade is 0.013) the distance from the river is 0.0066) and the distance from the catchment point is 0.0025. Interaction detector showed that the interaction of each factor was greater than that of single factor on soil erosion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱鶴;劉家明;陶慧;李s，

本文編號：1986492