本文選題：異遲眼蕈蚊 + 百合科植物��； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：異遲眼蕈蚊是一種為害百合科植物的重要害蟲(chóng),嚴(yán)重威脅著韭菜、大蔥、大蒜和蘭州百合的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)。本研究通過(guò)人工氣候箱飼養(yǎng)和觀察,建立異遲眼蕈蚊在不同百合科寄主上的實(shí)驗(yàn)種群生命表,統(tǒng)計(jì)了異遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育歷期、存活率、成蟲(chóng)壽命、平均單雌產(chǎn)卵量等參數(shù),并估算了實(shí)驗(yàn)種群參數(shù):內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率rm、平均世代周期T、凈增殖率R0、周限增長(zhǎng)率λ和種群加倍時(shí)間t。初步篩選出了抗異遲眼蕈蚊韭菜品種,同時(shí)對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊取食不同抗性韭菜后其體內(nèi)3種保護(hù)酶活性的變化進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。得到如下結(jié)論:1探討了異遲眼蕈蚊在4種主要百合科蔬菜上的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及繁殖規(guī)律異遲眼蕈蚊在百合科寄主植物韭菜、大蔥、蘭州百合和大蒜(蒜莖和蒜瓣)上,均能完成生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,但不同種類及生長(zhǎng)期的寄主對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)的發(fā)育歷期和存活率存在顯著影響。有利于幼蟲(chóng)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和存活的寄主植物,對(duì)成蟲(chóng)的產(chǎn)卵也有利;反之亦然。本研究結(jié)果證實(shí):異遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)期取食不同寄主是影響其生殖力的重要因子,說(shuō)明增加異遲眼蕈蚊幼蟲(chóng)期的防治措施可規(guī)避寄主植物減產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為蟲(chóng)情調(diào)查、蟲(chóng)情測(cè)報(bào)以及綜合防治等有一定的參考價(jià)值。內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率和凈增殖率是反映種群在特定環(huán)境下數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)潛能的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),也可從側(cè)面反映昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)寄主植物的適應(yīng)度和嗜食性。異遲眼蕈蚊在韭菜、百合、大蔥、蒜瓣、蒜莖上的內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率rm分別為0.19、0.09、0.14、0.08、0.10;而凈增殖率R0分別為32.96、7.39、23.51、7.3、8.01。因此,異遲眼蕈蚊對(duì)寄主植物的適應(yīng)度和嗜食性以韭菜最好,確定韭菜為百合科植物中的易感植物。2明晰了異遲眼蕈蚊在20個(gè)韭菜品種上的種群增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)異遲眼蕈蚊在供試韭菜品種上均可完成生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖,但幼蟲(chóng)發(fā)育歷期、成蟲(chóng)壽命、繁殖力、凈增值率和內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率等參數(shù)在20個(gè)韭菜品種上表現(xiàn)出一定的差異。不同韭菜品種上異遲眼蕈蚊雌蟲(chóng)壽命高于雄蟲(chóng)壽命,并且平均單雌產(chǎn)卵量的高低與雌蟲(chóng)壽命的長(zhǎng)短呈正相關(guān);此外當(dāng)平均單雌產(chǎn)卵量較高時(shí),其各蟲(chóng)態(tài)的存活率亦較高。故較為典型的品種為‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’和‘平韭二號(hào)’,雌蟲(chóng)壽命分別為2.18 d和2.44 d,平均單雌產(chǎn)卵量分別為56.00粒和101.25粒;卵、幼蟲(chóng)、蛹和成蟲(chóng)的存活率在‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’上依次為62%、32%、25%和25%,而在‘平韭二號(hào)’上依次為100%、85%、82%和80%。通過(guò)對(duì)內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率的統(tǒng)計(jì),‘平韭二號(hào)’最高為0.22,‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’最低為0.07,而其他各韭菜品種上內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率介于之間。因此,異遲眼蕈蚊的適應(yīng)性和嗜食性在‘平韭二號(hào)’最強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致為害嚴(yán)重;而在‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’最弱,造成為害較輕。雖然本研究?jī)H是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,通過(guò)室內(nèi)分析和研究,但為韭菜生產(chǎn)提供一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。3評(píng)價(jià)了20個(gè)韭菜品種對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊的抗性差異異遲眼蕈蚊對(duì)20個(gè)韭菜品種為害程度存在明顯差異,通過(guò)對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊在不同韭菜品種上發(fā)育歷期、成蟲(chóng)壽命和繁殖力、存活率、凈增殖率和內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率等參數(shù)的科學(xué)分析,據(jù)此篩選出‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’是異遲眼蕈蚊為害較弱的韭菜品種,按照植物抗蟲(chóng)性機(jī)制,由此可推斷‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊的抗性較強(qiáng),‘萬(wàn)源紫根寬葉王’次之。因此,在韭菜種植過(guò)程中選擇上述兩品種,在理論上可有效避免其為害程度,同時(shí)降低藥物防治。4測(cè)定了不同抗性韭菜對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊體內(nèi)保護(hù)酶活性的影響20個(gè)韭菜品種對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊表現(xiàn)出不同程度的抗性,本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著不同韭菜品種對(duì)異遲眼蕈蚊抗性程度的減弱,即沿著由高抗‘萬(wàn)源漢中冬韭一號(hào)’、中抗‘寬?cǎi)R蓮韭菜’、低抗韭菜‘冀研小韭園’到對(duì)照‘平韭二號(hào)’的順序,異遲眼蕈蚊體內(nèi)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)和過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)的活性均表現(xiàn)為增強(qiáng)。說(shuō)明抗性強(qiáng)的韭菜品種使異遲眼蕈蚊體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生大量的自由基,但蟲(chóng)體內(nèi)的SOD、POD和CAT的活性受損嚴(yán)重,無(wú)法維持自由基的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡;而抗性弱的韭菜品種雖然使幼蟲(chóng)體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了自由基,但SOD、POD和CAT的活性未被破壞,保護(hù)酶系統(tǒng)被啟動(dòng),從而清除了體內(nèi)多余的自由基。
[Abstract]:Mycosis muscaris is an important pest of Liliaceae, which seriously threatens the sustainable production of leek, onion, garlic and Lanzhou lily. This study established the life table of the experimental population on the host of Different Lily families by feeding and observing the artificial climate box. Rate, adult life, average female egg production parameters, and estimated the experimental population parameters: intrinsic growth rate RM, average generation cycle T, net proliferation rate R0, cycle limit growth rate [lambda] and population doubling time T. preliminarily screened leek varieties with anti late eye mushroom, and 3 kinds of protective enzyme activities in the body of different late eye mushrooms after eating different resistant leeks. The following conclusions were made: 1 the following conclusions were obtained: 1 the growth and development of 4 species of Liliaceae vegetables were discussed. The growth and reproduction of the mycosis muscara were found in the host plant of the lily family, the onion, the Lanzhou Lily and garlic (garlic stem and garlic). The developmental duration and survival rate of the larvae of mycosis fungoides were significantly affected. The host plants that were beneficial to the growth and survival of the larvae were also beneficial to the egg production of the adult; the results of this study confirmed that the larvae stage of the larvae of mycosis mycosis was an important factor affecting its reproductive capacity, indicating an increase in the larval stage of the late eye mushroom. The prevention and control measures can avoid the risk of reducing the yield of host plants. It has some reference value for insect survey, insect survey and comprehensive prevention and control. The intrinsic growth rate and net proliferation rate are an important index to reflect the population growth potential in a specific environment, and can also reflect insects on the host plant adaptation and eophagy from the side. The intrinsic growth rate of RM in leek, lily, onion, garlic and garlic stem was 0.19,0.09,0.14,0.08,0.10, and the net proliferation rate of R0 was 32.96,7.39,23.51,7.3,8.01., respectively. The adaptability and eophagy of the late eye mushroom to the host plant was the best, and the.2 for the susceptible plants of the Liliaceae was clearly distinct. The population growth of late mycosis mycosis in 20 leek varieties can complete growth and reproduction on the tested leek varieties, but the larval development period, adult life, fecundity, net value added rate and intrinsic rate of growth show certain differences on 20 leek varieties. The life span of the female is higher than the longevity of the male, and the average female egg production is positively correlated with the length of female life. In addition, the survival rate of each insect is higher when the average female egg production is higher. Therefore, the typical varieties are 'Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek one' and 'flat leek two', and the female's life span is 2.18 D and 2.44 D, respectively. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adult were 56 and 101.25 eggs, respectively, and the survival rates of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 62%, 32%, 25% and 25% on "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter chives one", while on 'flat chives two' were 100%, 85%, 82% and 80%., the highest of 'Ping chives two' was 0.22, and 'Wanyuan winter leek No. 1', "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek '." The lowest intrinsic rate of growth was between 0.07 and the other varieties of leek. Therefore, the adaptability and eophagy of mycosis mycosis was strongest in 'Ping Chiu two', causing serious damage, and the weakest in 'Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek', which was less harmful. Although this study was only under laboratory conditions, it was analyzed and studied indoors. In order to provide scientific basis for the production of leek.3, the resistance of 20 leek varieties to mycosis fungoides was evaluated. There were significant differences in the degree of damage to 20 leek varieties. The life and reproductive capacity, survival rate, net proliferation rate and intrinsic growth rate of the adult mycosis fungoides in different varieties of Chinese chive, the adult life and reproductive capacity, the survival rate, the rate of net proliferation, and the intrinsic rate of growth were found. According to the scientific analysis of the parameters, the "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek one" was selected as the weak mycosis fungoides. According to the plant resistance mechanism, the resistance of "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter chives one" to the mycosis fungoides was stronger, and the "Wanyuan purple root wide leaf king" was the second. Two varieties, in theory, could effectively avoid its damage, and reduce the effect of.4 on the protective enzyme activity of different resistant leek to mycosis muscara. 20 varieties of leek showed different degrees of resistance to mycosis fungoides. The results showed that the resistance degree of different leek varieties to mycosis fungoides was with different varieties of Chinese chive. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the body of mycosis fungoides were enhanced in the order of high resistance "Wanyuan Hanzhoung winter leek No. 1", middle resistant leek leek, low resistance leek 'Ji Yan Xiao chives Garden' to "flat chives two". The species produced a large number of free radicals in the body of mycosis fungoides, but the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in the insect was severely damaged, and the dynamic balance of free radicals could not be maintained; while the weak resistant leek breeds produced free radicals in the larvae, but the activity of SOD, POD and CAT was not broken, and the protective enzyme system was started, thus clearing the excess in the body. Free radicals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S433

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 汪志威;百菌清和毒死蜱在設(shè)施作物上的動(dòng)態(tài)分布、遷移特征和果實(shí)中農(nóng)藥去除方法的研究[D];浙江工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

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