本文選題：煙氣脫硫石膏 + 圍墾灘涂鹽堿土��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著人口增長、土地可利用面積減少,大面積圍墾灘涂鹽堿地成為我國濱海地區(qū)重要的后備土地資源,但目前部分灘涂地區(qū)鹽堿化嚴(yán)重,寸草不生、長年荒蕪,是圍墾灘涂植被重建的最大障礙。改良圍墾灘涂鹽堿土對我國濱海地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)等具有重要意義。如果依靠自然降雨淋洗和植被演替修復(fù)圍墾灘涂鹽堿地需要幾十年才能完成。一百多年前就已利用石膏改良鹽堿土。煙氣脫硫石膏是燃煤電廠煙氣脫硫后的副產(chǎn)物(主要成份為CaSO4· 2H20)。如果煙氣脫硫石膏能夠于沿海地區(qū)圍墾灘涂鹽堿地的改良,不僅為煙氣脫硫石膏的應(yīng)用開拓一個新的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,也能夠形成一套加快灘涂脫鹽過程、改善灘涂土地質(zhì)量的新技術(shù),為解決沿海地區(qū)土地資源缺乏和灘涂可持續(xù)利用提供一個新的途徑。本研究的目的是通過實驗室和現(xiàn)場工程試驗,確認(rèn)(1)煙氣脫硫石膏對長江口圍墾灘涂鹽堿土自然脫鹽的加速作用；(2)對灘涂植被自然演替的推動作用,(3)對灘涂非鹽生植物生長的影響,以及(4)使用煙氣脫硫石膏的安全性,從而驗證煙氣脫硫石膏可以通過鈣鈉交換將灘涂自然脫鹽過程縮短到數(shù)年內(nèi)的科學(xué)假設(shè)。本項研究的主要結(jié)果如下：(1)煙氣脫硫石膏加速圍墾灘涂脫鹽過程。采用煙氣脫硫石膏(FGD-Gypsum)作為灘涂鹽堿地土壤的改良劑,可以通過鈣(Ca2+)鈉(Na+)離子的交換,加速圍墾灘涂鹽堿地的自然脫鹽過程。在上海沿海地區(qū)具有年平均降雨量1050 mm的條件下,煙氣脫硫石膏可以降低土壤堿化度,尤其是60 Mg/ha的煙氣脫硫石膏添加量可在2年內(nèi)將土壤堿化度(ESP)降低至10%左右；(2)煙氣脫硫石膏對圍墾灘涂表層土壤的脫鹽效果優(yōu)于下層。煙氣脫硫石膏施用6個月后即能不同程度的降低0-10 cm表層土層的堿化度,60 Mg/ha煙氣脫硫石膏處理的土壤堿化度(ESP)無論南匯還是崇明均降至5%以下,而pH值則接近中性。下層土壤(10-30 cm)的ESP隨煙氣脫硫石膏用量的增加有不同程度的降低。與6個月測量的數(shù)據(jù)相比較,18個月后煙氣脫硫石膏的脫鹽效果更加明顯；(3)煙氣脫硫石膏降低有害鹽離子含量,提高對植物有益鹽離子含量。煙氣脫硫石膏后降低了灘涂土壤pH值,減少了過量鹽離子(水溶性Na+.Cl*和C032-+HC03-),鈣、硫等元素顯著升高。灘涂土壤尤其是表層土壤化學(xué)特性的改變,為灘涂生態(tài)恢復(fù)提供了基礎(chǔ)；(4)煙氣脫硫石膏促進(jìn)了灘涂植被的多樣性和演替。2年的植被樣方調(diào)查表明,在煙氣脫硫石膏添加的第二年,就會出現(xiàn)一般圍墾多年才會生長的非鹽生草本植物。煙氣脫硫石膏促進(jìn)了喬木的生長發(fā)育,植物的出苗率或存活率、根系長度、株高均大幅度提高。較高煙氣脫硫石膏添加量,喬木植物的存活率較高；種植第三年,柳類植物的存活率接近90%；(5)煙氣脫硫石膏施用對圍墾灘涂鹽堿土具有低的環(huán)境風(fēng)險。煙氣脫硫石膏不僅含有低的重金屬含量,更多的Ca2+和S042-；而且只要施用一次,就可以獲得明顯的脫鹽效果。除了Hg之外,我國煙氣脫硫石膏重金屬一般含量不高。在試驗研究中,即便在煙氣脫硫石膏添加量為60 Mg/ha時,土壤樣品提取液中Hg均低于檢測限(n=14)。建議采用《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB15618-1995的一級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(修訂)》GB15618-2008,土壤無機(jī)物污染物的環(huán)境質(zhì)量第二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的最小值作為煙氣脫硫石膏重金屬的指導(dǎo)限值。特別關(guān)注煙氣脫硫石膏中重金屬元素Hg含量,一般不采用Hg超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的煙氣脫硫石膏,以確保生態(tài)安全。研究結(jié)果為大規(guī)模使用煙氣脫硫石膏進(jìn)行圍墾灘涂鹽堿土快速脫鹽提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和工程經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population, the available area of land is reduced, and the saline alkali land of large area reclamation has become an important reserve land resource in the coastal areas of China. But at present, some beach areas are seriously salinized, uncultivated and desolate for years. Continuous healthy development and ecological environment protection are of great significance. If it takes decades to complete the reclamation of beach saline alkali land by natural rainfall leaching and vegetation succession, more than 100 years ago, gypsum has been used to improve saline alkali soil. FGD gypsum is a by-product of flue gas desulfurization (CaSO4 2H20) in coal-fired power plants. If FGD gypsum can be improved in coastal saline alkali land reclamation, it not only opens up a new application field for the application of FGD gypsum, but also forms a new technology to speed up the desalination process and improve the quality of the beach land, and provides a solution to the lack of land resources in coastal areas and the sustainable utilization of the beach. The purpose of this study is to confirm (1) the accelerated effect of FGD gypsum on natural desalination of saline alkali soil in the reclamation of the Changjiang Estuary by laboratory and field tests; (2) promoting the natural succession of the vegetation in the tidal flat, (3) the effect on the growth of non salt plants in the tidal flat, and (4) the safety of the use of FGD gypsum, The main results of this study are as follows: (1) the flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) is used to reclaim the desalination process of the beach. The flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD-Gypsum) is used as a modifier in the saline alkali soil of the beach, and can be used by calcium (Ca2+ ) the exchange of sodium (Na+) ions accelerates the natural desalination process of reclamation of the saline alkali land in the beach. Under the conditions of 1050 mm of annual average rainfall in the coastal area of Shanghai, the FGD gypsum can reduce the degree of soil alkalinity, especially the addition of 60 Mg/ha FGD gypsum can reduce the soil alkalinity (ESP) to about 10% in 2 years; (2) flue gas. The desalination effect of Desulphurized Gypsum on the surface soil of the reclamation beach is better than that of the lower layer. After 6 months of application of FGD gypsum, it can reduce the alkalinity of 0-10 cm layer soil layer in varying degrees, and the soil alkalinity (ESP) of 60 Mg/ha FGD gypsum is reduced to less than 5% in both Nanhui and Chongming, while the value of the FGD is close to neutral. (10-30 The ESP of CM) decreased with the increase of the amount of FGD gypsum. Compared with the data measured in 6 months, the desalination effect of FGD gypsum was more obvious after 18 months. (3) FGD gypsum decreased the content of harmful salt ions and increased the content of beneficial salt ions to plants. After FGD gypsum, the pH value of the soil was reduced. The reduction of excessive salt ions (water soluble Na+.Cl* and C032-+HC03-), calcium, sulfur and other elements significantly increased. The changes in the chemical characteristics of the beach soil, especially the surface soil, provided a basis for the ecological restoration of the beach. (4) the FGD gypsum promoted the diversity of the vegetation in the tidal flat and the investigation of the vegetation sample for the.2 year showed that the FGD gypsum was used in the FGD gypsum. In the second years of addition, there will be non halophyte plants growing in general reclamation for many years. FGD gypsum promotes the growth and development of trees, plant emergence rate or survival rate, root length and plant height greatly increase. Higher FGD gypsum addition, the higher survival rate of arbor plants, third years of planting, willow plant The survival rate is close to 90%, and (5) the application of FGD gypsum has low environmental risk to the saline alkali soil in the reclamation beach. The FGD gypsum not only contains low heavy metal content, more Ca2+ and S042-, but also can obtain obvious desalination effect only once, except Hg, the general content of heavy metals in FGD gypsum in China In the experimental study, even when the addition of FGD gypsum is 60 Mg/ha, the Hg in the soil sample extract is lower than the detection limit (n=14). It is suggested to adopt the first grade standard of the soil environmental quality standard >GB15618-1995 and the soil environmental quality standard (Revised) >GB15618-2008, and the environmental quality of soil inorganic pollutants in the second grade standard. The minimum value of the value is regarded as the guiding limit of heavy metals in the flue gas desulphurization gypsum. It pays special attention to the Hg content of heavy metals in the flue gas desulfurization gypsum, and generally does not use the flue gas desulphurization gypsum with Hg above the standard value to ensure the ecological safety. The results provide scientific basis for the large-scale use of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for rapid desalting of the saline alkali soil in the reclamation beach. Evidence and engineering experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S156.4

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