本文選題：土壤 + 硒　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：硒(Se)是人類所必需的微量元素之一,人類攝取硒的主要途徑是通過(guò)植物攝入,從土壤進(jìn)入到植物體內(nèi)的硒的數(shù)量會(huì)直接影響到人類對(duì)其的攝入量。長(zhǎng)期不同的施肥管理措施會(huì)影響土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)等性質(zhì)的不同,土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)硒有一定的固定和釋放作用,而究竟有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量對(duì)硒吸附的影響以及其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)離子對(duì)土壤吸附硒的影響尚不明了。本研究通過(guò)批量試驗(yàn)的方式,探討了2種不同土地利用方式和5種長(zhǎng)期不同施肥方式的土壤對(duì)硒吸附解吸的影響,研究了磷酸鹽對(duì)土壤硒吸附解吸的影響,旨在為外源硒鹽施入土壤后有效性的評(píng)價(jià)提供理論依據(jù)。主要得到以下結(jié)果:1不同管理方式土壤對(duì)硒的吸附有顯著影響。隨著時(shí)間的增加,7種土壤對(duì)硒的吸附均是一個(gè)先快后慢的過(guò)程,在8 h達(dá)到吸附平衡。其中未種植作物處理土壤的吸附量(撂荒、休閑)顯著高于其他5種種植作物的土壤(撂荒休閑);各不同施肥處理土壤對(duì)亞硒酸鹽的吸附能力排序?yàn)?NPKCKSNPKM2NPKM1NPK,對(duì)硒酸鹽的吸附能力排序?yàn)?SNPKNPKM2NPKM1NPKCK;兩種除有機(jī)質(zhì)含量差異較大而其余理化性質(zhì)相似的土壤M1NPK與M2NPK對(duì)硒的吸附量均表現(xiàn)為M2NPK處理土壤的吸附量高于M1NPK處理土壤。同一土壤對(duì)四價(jià)硒的吸附量約為對(duì)六價(jià)硒吸附量的2.83倍。二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)是描述土壤對(duì)硒吸附的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征的較好的模型(四價(jià)硒R20.982;六價(jià)硒R20.981)。Langmiur模型對(duì)等溫線的擬合較好(R20.991)。七種土壤的分配系數(shù)(Kd值)均隨著硒溶液初始濃度的升高而降低,無(wú)耕作的土壤Kd值明顯高于種植作物的土壤。不同土壤的解吸率隨硒溶液初始濃度增高而增高,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高的土壤解吸率相對(duì)低,表現(xiàn)出了對(duì)硒的固定作用。2.磷酸根對(duì)土壤吸附硒有不同的影響。隨著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)離子磷酸根的加入以及濃度的梯度變化,不同土壤對(duì)亞硒酸鹽與硒酸鹽的吸附不同。由于土壤對(duì)磷酸根和硒的吸附存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用,磷酸根離子的存在明顯減少了土壤對(duì)亞硒酸鹽以及硒酸鹽的吸附量。由于磷酸根離子結(jié)合能較強(qiáng),占據(jù)了土壤表面的專性吸附位點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致土壤對(duì)四價(jià)硒的吸附量隨磷酸根離子濃度的增大逐漸變小,而導(dǎo)致對(duì)六價(jià)硒的吸附量有些許的上升。M2NPK處理的吸附量均高于M1NPK處理。亞硒酸鹽濃度恒定,土壤的Kd值隨磷酸根濃度增加而減小,且隨硒溶液濃度的增加逐漸減小;硒酸鹽濃度恒定,土壤的Kd值隨磷酸根濃度的增加而增加。土壤對(duì)亞硒酸鹽的解吸率隨磷酸根濃度的增加而增加,而對(duì)硒酸鹽的解吸率卻隨之下降�？傊�,長(zhǎng)期不同管理措施土壤對(duì)硒的吸附-解吸作用產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高可起到固定硒的作用;磷酸根離子對(duì)土壤對(duì)硒的吸附與土壤中硒的價(jià)態(tài)有關(guān),在硒的生物強(qiáng)化中應(yīng)該綜合考慮。
[Abstract]:Selenium Seis is one of the essential trace elements for human beings. The main way for human to ingest selenium is through plant intake. The amount of selenium from soil to plant will directly affect the intake of selenium from soil to plant. Long-term fertilization and management measures will affect the properties of soil organic matter, such as soil organic matter, soil organic matter to a certain extent fixed and release of selenium, However, the effect of organic matter content on selenium adsorption and the effect of other competing ions on soil selenium adsorption is unclear. In this study, the effects of two different land use methods and five long-term fertilization methods on the sorption and desorption of selenium were studied by batch experiments, and the effects of phosphate on the adsorption and desorption of selenium in soil were studied. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the availability of exogenous selenium salts in soil. The main results are as follows: (1) the sorption of selenium was significantly affected by different soil management methods. With the increase of time, the sorption of selenium in 7 soils was a fast and slow process, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached at 8 h. Among them, the sorption capacity of uncultivated crops treated soil (abandoned, The sorption capacity of selenite in different fertilization treatments was in the order of: 1. NPKCKSNPKM2NPKM1NPK, and the order of sorption capacity of selenite was: SNPKNPK2NPKM1NPKCK; the content of organic matter was different between the two treatments. The amount of selenium adsorbed by M1NPK and M2NPK in other soils with similar physical and chemical properties was higher than that under M1NPK treatment. The adsorption capacity of tetravalent selenium on the same soil was about 2.83 times as much as that on hexavalent selenium. The second-order kinetics is a better model to describe the kinetic characteristics of soil selenium adsorption (tetravalent selenium R20.982and hexavalent selenium R20.981).Langmiur model to fit the isotherm R20.991a). The K _ d value of the seven soils decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of selenium solution, and the K _ d value of the uncultivated soil was significantly higher than that of the cultivated soil. The desorption rate of different soils increased with the increase of the initial concentration of selenium solution, and the desorption rate of soil with high organic matter content was relatively low, showing the effect of fixing selenium. Phosphate has different effects on soil sorption of selenium. With the addition of competing ion phosphate and the change of concentration gradient, the adsorption of selenite and selenite was different in different soils. The adsorption of selenite and selenite in soil was obviously reduced by the presence of phosphate ion because of the competition between phosphate and selenium in soil. Because of the strong binding energy of phosphate ion, it occupies the specific adsorption site on the soil surface, and the adsorption amount of tetravalent selenium on soil gradually decreases with the increase of phosphate ion concentration. However, the adsorption capacity of hexavalent selenium increased slightly. M _ 2NPK treatment was higher than that of M1NPK treatment. When the concentration of selenite was constant, the KD value of soil decreased with the increase of phosphate concentration, and gradually decreased with the increase of selenium concentration, and the KD value of soil increased with the increase of phosphate concentration when the concentration of selenite was constant. The desorption rate of selenite increased with the increase of phosphate concentration, while the desorption rate of selenite decreased. In a word, the sorption and desorption of selenium by soil with different management measures for a long time have obvious influence, and the high content of organic matter can play a role of fixing selenium, and the adsorption of selenium to soil by phosphate ion is related to the valence state of selenium in soil. Comprehensive consideration should be given to the biological enhancement of selenium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153

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