本文選題：星星草 + AM真菌��； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：叢枝菌根真菌(arbusculr mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是一類(lèi)分布最廣泛、最普遍的土壤微生物,能與90%以上的植物形成互利互惠的共生體——菌根結(jié)構(gòu)。逆境條件下,AM真菌通過(guò)促進(jìn)植物對(duì)礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的吸收利用、維持植物滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力、增加植物對(duì)水份的吸收、改善植物生理代謝,從而減輕逆境對(duì)植物的傷害,因而在環(huán)境修復(fù)中的應(yīng)用受到廣大環(huán)境工作者的關(guān)注。星星草是一種具有較強(qiáng)耐鹽能力的優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草,本論文以肇東市松嫩鹽堿草地采集的星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)根系及其根際土壤為試驗(yàn)材料,對(duì)星星草根際AM真菌的多樣性和侵染特性進(jìn)行了初步調(diào)查研究,分離并運(yùn)用形態(tài)學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)結(jié)合的方法鑒定出星星草根際的優(yōu)勢(shì)AM真菌菌株,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步通過(guò)接種試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證這兩種優(yōu)勢(shì)AM真菌對(duì)星星草耐鹽堿性的影響。旨在為篩選耐鹽堿AM真菌菌種,進(jìn)而為利用菌根技術(shù)進(jìn)一步提高星星草的耐鹽堿能力,促進(jìn)星星草在松嫩鹽堿草地修復(fù)中的應(yīng)用和在鹽堿地區(qū)的園林綠化提供重要理論依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.本試驗(yàn)于2015年7月在黑龍江省肇東市西南部松嫩鹽堿草地采集了9份星星草根系和根際土壤,在土壤pH值為最低值8.35和最高值9.81時(shí),侵染率分別為80%和40%,侵染密度分別為15.60%和19.20%。在土壤pH值為9.72時(shí),侵染率達(dá)到最大值93.33%,侵染密度達(dá)到30%,在土壤pH為9.50時(shí)泡囊豐度和侵染密度達(dá)到最大值,分別為13.31%和30.87%。土壤pH為9.59時(shí)泡囊豐度和侵染密度達(dá)到最小值,分別為0.05%和4.30%。2.通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定出來(lái)的AM真菌共11屬40種,其中球囊霉屬(Glomus)為優(yōu)勢(shì)屬,共14種,占總數(shù)的35%,是優(yōu)勢(shì)屬;盾巨孢囊霉屬(Scutellospora)、和平囊霉屬(Pacispora)、多樣孢囊霉屬(Diversispora)、Claroideoglomus以及Racocetra屬各一種,占總數(shù)的2.5%;摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)和根內(nèi)根生囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices)是分離鑒定出的優(yōu)勢(shì)種,重要值分別為61.53%和64.58%。通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)結(jié)合的方法鑒定出摩西管柄囊霉(F.mosseae)、根內(nèi)根生囊霉(R.intraradices)、幼套近明囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)和一種通過(guò)形態(tài)鑒定無(wú)法確定的AM真菌,測(cè)序結(jié)果在NCBI得到序列接收號(hào)分別是KU376499、KT881238、KU144882和KT952460。3.接種摩西管柄囊霉(FM)和根內(nèi)根生囊霉(RI)的星星草在生長(zhǎng)80d后均與AM真菌形成良好的共生體系,且侵染程度都比較高,FM和RI侵染率分別為:80.86%和85.91%。之后進(jìn)行不同的NaCl濃度和NaHCO3濃度脅迫處理10d,試驗(yàn)研究表明,在不同濃度鹽堿脅迫下,星星草對(duì)AM真菌都有較高的菌根依賴(lài)性,對(duì)RI尤其顯著,在鹽濃度處理達(dá)到400mmol/L時(shí),MD值高達(dá)300.25%,侵染等級(jí)達(dá)到Ⅲ級(jí)。4.由于星星草自身的耐鹽堿特性,低濃度的鹽堿處理濃度反而促進(jìn)其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,隨著NaCl或NaHCO3脅迫濃度的增大,星星草長(zhǎng)勢(shì)消弱,但接種AM真菌的星星草植株比未接種植株的耐鹽堿能力顯著較高,能夠減少脯氨酸和丙二醛含量;降低相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率,從而維持穩(wěn)定的細(xì)胞膜透性;增加可溶性蛋白含量以及提高對(duì)N、P、K離子的吸收能力;無(wú)論對(duì)于對(duì)照組還是NaCl或NaHCO3處理組,在同一處理水平下,接種植株根際土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和過(guò)氧化氫活性明顯比未接種植株的活性高。其中這種改善作用在鹽或堿濃度為200mmol/L時(shí)最為顯著(p0.05)。
[Abstract]:Arbusculr mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is the most widely distributed, most common soil microorganism, which can form a symbiotic symbiont with more than 90% plants - mycorrhizal structure. Under adverse conditions, AM fungi promote plant osmotic regulation and increase plants by promoting the absorption and utilization of plants to mineral nutrients. The absorption of water and the improvement of plant physiological metabolism, thus reducing the harm of adversity to plants, has been paid attention to by environmental workers. The rhizosphere soil was used as the experimental material to investigate the diversity and infection characteristics of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of the stellar grass. The dominant AM fungal strains were identified by the method of combining morphology and molecular biology to identify the dominant AM fungi in the rhizosphere of the star grass. On this basis, the two dominant AM fungi were validated against the stars. The effect of salt and alkaline resistance of stellar grass is aimed at screening salt tolerant AM fungi, and further improving the salt and alkali resistance of stellar grass with mycorrhiza technology, promoting the application of star grass in the restoration of saline alkali grassland and afforestation in saline alkali areas. The experimental results are as follows: 1. the experiment was in black in July 2015. 9 roots and rhizosphere soils were collected in the saline alkali grassland of Songnen, Zhaodong, Longjiang province. When the soil pH value was 8.35 and the maximum value was 9.81, the infection rate was 80% and 40% respectively. The infection density was 15.60% and the pH value was 9.72, the infection rate reached the maximum value 93.33%, the infection density reached 30%, and the soil pH was 9.5. At 0, the abundance of vesicle and infection density reached the maximum, and the abundances and infection density reached the minimum when the pH of the soil was 9.59, respectively, and the AM fungi were identified by 0.05% and 4.30%.2., respectively, 11 genera and 40 species, of which Glomus was the dominant genus, and 14 species, accounting for 35% of the total, were the dominant genera, giant spores of shield. Scutellospora, Pacispora, Diversispora, Claroideoglomus, and Racocetra are one of the various species, accounting for 2.5% of the total. The dominant species are identified as Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices (Rhizophagus intraradices), and the important values are 61.53% and 64.58%., respectively. A combination of morphological and molecular biology methods was used to identify F.mosseae, R.intraradices, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and a AM fungus that could not be identified by morphological identification. The sequence results were KU376499, KT881238, KU144882 and KT952 respectively in NCBI. 460.3. inoculated with 460.3. (FM) and root cysts (RI) formed a good symbiotic system with AM fungi after the growth of 80D, and the degree of infection was higher. The FM and RI infection rates were respectively: 80.86% and 85.91%., the concentration of NaCl and NaHCO3 concentration stress were 10d. The experimental study showed that the concentration of salt was in different concentration of salt. Under alkali stress, the AM fungi have high mycorrhizal dependence on the mycorrhizal fungi, especially for the RI. When the salt concentration reaches 400mmol/L, the MD value is up to 300.25%. The infection grade reaches to grade III.4. due to the salt tolerance of the star grass itself. The low concentration of saline alkali treatment promotes its growth and development, with the concentration of NaCl or NaHCO3 stress. In addition, the growth of P. mendens was weakened, but the salt and alkali resistance of the plants inoculated with AM fungi was significantly higher than that of the uninoculated plants, reducing the content of proline and malondialdehyde, reducing the relative conductivity, maintaining the stable cell membrane permeability, increasing the soluble protein content and improving the absorptive capacity of N, P, and K ions, no matter to the control. Group NaCl or NaHCO3 treatment group, under the same treatment level, inoculation of rhizosphere soil urease, invertase and hydrogen peroxide activity was significantly higher than that of uninoculated plants at the same level of treatment. The improvement effect was most significant when salt or alkali concentration was 200mmol/L (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.3

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