本文選題：黃頂菊 + 次生代謝物質(zhì)��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃頂菊是入侵我國的一種入侵植物,2001年在我國河北省發(fā)現(xiàn)危害,目前已在河北、天津、山東和河南等省市擴散蔓延,破壞入侵地的生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性。在缺少植食性昆蟲取食的入侵地中,黃頂菊將更多的資源用于自身生長和繁殖。同時黃頂菊利用自身生物學特征和化感作用,影響土壤環(huán)境和本地植物生長,促進生態(tài)環(huán)境向著有利于進一步入侵的方向發(fā)展。黃頂菊體內(nèi)的次生代謝物質(zhì)在入侵和防御中起重要作用,從其體內(nèi)分離得到的次生代謝物質(zhì)有抗氧化、抗血栓、殺菌和除草等生物活性。目前黃頂菊的研究主要集中在入侵危害和生物學特征的研究,關于黃頂菊體內(nèi)次生代謝物質(zhì)的殺蟲活性研究較少。本文研究了黃頂菊提取物對棉鈴蟲的生物活性,并測定了黃頂菊體內(nèi)的α-三噻吩對棉鈴蟲的作用方式。黃頂菊次生代謝物質(zhì)的提取采用浸泡法,用95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚3種有機溶劑提取黃頂菊干粉和鮮樣中的活性物質(zhì)。拒食活性采用葉蝶法,觸殺活性采用浸蟲法,對生長發(fā)育的影響采用人工飼料混毒法,淀粉酶活性測定采用碘-淀粉比色法,脂肪酶活性測定采用比色法,總蛋白酶活性測定采用福林酚比色法。1、3種溶劑的6種提取物對幼蟲的拒食活性差異顯著,干粉乙醇提取物、干粉乙酸乙酯提取物和鮮樣乙酸乙酯提取物的拒食活性較高,其24 h拒食率分別為50.49%、32.06%和41.63%,48 h拒食率分別為29.67%、14.58%和15.15%。2、黃頂菊干粉乙醇提取物、干粉乙酸乙酯提取物和鮮樣乙酸乙酯提取物對棉鈴蟲生長發(fā)育有抑制作用。不同濃度的黃頂菊干粉乙醇提取物抑制幼蟲體重增長,180、36和7.2 mg·mL-1(W/V)提取物3 d體重增長抑制率分別為51.44%、41.80%和35.15%,抑制幼蟲化蛹率和成蟲羽化率,成蟲羽化率分別為43.70%、45.79%和50.09%,幼蟲化蛹率分別為47.24%、56.95%和70.89%;處理3 d后,180 mg·mL-1干粉95%乙醇提取物抑制幼蟲腸道內(nèi)的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和總蛋白酶活性,其處理后的幼蟲酶活性分別是對照的0.52、0.53和0.66倍。黃頂菊干粉乙酸乙酯提取物抑制幼蟲體重增長、幼蟲化蛹和成蟲羽化,180、36和7.2 mg·mL-1提取物3 d體重增長抑制率分別為44.86%、37.45%和34.46%,成蟲羽化率分別為47.22%、57.25%和76.50%,幼蟲化蛹率分別為46.67%、67.29%和77.78%;處理3 d后,黃頂菊干粉乙酸乙酯180 mg·mL-1提取物抑制幼蟲腸道內(nèi)的淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶和總蛋白酶活性,其處理后的幼蟲酶活性分別是對照的0.57、0.61和0.65倍。相較于干粉乙醇提取物和干粉乙酸乙酯提取物,黃頂菊鮮樣乙酸乙酯提取物對棉鈴蟲生長發(fā)育的抑制作用較小,處理3 d后,500、100和20 mg·mL-1黃頂菊鮮樣乙酸乙酯提取物對幼蟲的體重抑制率分別為35.36%、30.45%和26.65%,幼蟲化蛹率為74.44%、91.11%和96.67%,成蟲羽化率為74.70%、73.35%和74.69%;對幼蟲腸道酶的抑制作用也較低,500 mg·mL-1提取物處理3 d時,淀粉酶、脂肪酶和總蛋白酶活性分別是對照的0.68、0.87和0.90倍。3、α-三噻吩對棉鈴蟲的拒食活性和抑制生長發(fā)育的活性較高,對幼蟲的胃毒活性相對較低,24 h選擇性和非選擇性拒食中濃度(AFC50)分別為11.52 mg·L-1和12.26mg·L-1,1000、100和10 mg·L-1三噻吩溶液處理幼蟲后,抑制幼蟲體重增長,處理1 d的體重抑制率最高,為72.14%、63.07%和52.35%,1000和100 mg·L-1的三噻吩溶液延長幼蟲發(fā)育天數(shù)1.37 d和1.51 d,蛹重較對照減輕53.07 g和47.41 g。同時,化蛹率和羽化率顯著低于對照,化蛹率為53.35%和67.70%,羽化率為70.67%和69.95%。處理1d和3 d后,α-三噻吩對幼蟲腸道內(nèi)的淀粉酶和總蛋白酶活性影響不大,對脂肪酶活性抑制活性較大,處理1 d脂肪酶活性是對照的0.52倍。綜上所述,黃頂菊提取物抑制棉鈴蟲幼蟲取食,抑制幼蟲體重增長和腸道內(nèi)3種消化酶的活性,降低羽化率和化蛹率。黃頂菊體內(nèi)的α-三噻吩對棉鈴蟲幼蟲有拒食活性和抑制幼蟲體重增長、延長幼蟲發(fā)育天數(shù)、減輕蛹重和降低羽化率以及化蛹率的活性。
[Abstract]:Yellow roof is an invading plant in China. In 2001, it was found to be harmful in Hebei province. It has spread in Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan and other provinces and cities, destroying the ecological environment and biological diversity of the invading land. At the same time, by using its own biological characteristics and allelopathy, it affects the soil environment and the growth of local plants, and promotes the ecological environment to be beneficial to further invasion. The secondary metabolite in the body of the Yellow roof plays an important role in invasion and defense. The secondary metabolites isolated from the body are antioxidant and anti blood. Biological activities such as thrombolytic, bactericidal and weeding are mainly concentrated on the study of invasion and biological characteristics. There are few studies on the insecticidal activity of secondary metabolites in the body of yellow tetalus. This paper studied the biological activity of the extract from the extract to cotton bollworm, and determined the alpha three thiophene to the cotton bollworm. Method of action. Extraction of secondary metabolites of dietas was extracted by soaking method. The active substances in dry powder and fresh samples were extracted with 95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether in 3 kinds of organic solvents. The antifeedant activity was used by leaf butterfly method, the touch activity was used by dipping method, and the effect of artificial feed was used for the growth and development, and the activity of amylase was determined. The lipase activity was determined by colorimetric method with iodine starch colorimetry. The total protease activity of the 6 extracts of the 6 solvents of the foliolol colorimetric method was significantly different in the antifeedant activity of the larvae. The antifeedant activity of the dry powder ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate extract of dry powder and the fresh ethyl acetate extract were higher, and the 24 h antifeedant rate of the extracts of the dry powder was higher. The antifeedant rates of 50.49%, 32.06% and 41.63% and 48 h were 29.67%, 14.58% and 15.15%.2 respectively. The ethanol extracts of dried yellow dianvia, ethyl acetate extract of dry powder and fresh ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera. The ethanol extracts from different concentrations of dianvia inhibited the growth of the larvae, 180,36 and 7.2 mg. ML-1 (W/V). The growth inhibition rate of 3 D of the extract was 51.44%, 41.80% and 35.15% respectively. The larvae pupation rate and adult emergence rate were inhibited, the adult emergence rates were 43.70%, 45.79% and 50.09% respectively, and the larvae pupation rates were 47.24%, 56.95% and 70.89%, respectively. After processing 3 D, 180 mg. ML-1 powder 95% ethanol extract inhibited the amylase, lipase and total in the intestinal tract of the larvae. The enzyme activity of the protease was 0.52,0.53 and 0.66 times as much as that of the control. The ethyl acetate extract from the dry powder of the Yellow divia inhibited the growth of the larvae, the larvae pupation and the adult feathering, and the growth inhibition rate of the 180,36 and the 7.2 mg. ML-1 extract 3 D, respectively, 44.86%, 37.45% and 34.46%, and the adult emergence rate of 47.22%, 57.25%, respectively. 76.50%, the larvae pupation rates were 46.67%, 67.29% and 77.78%, respectively. After the treatment of 3 D, the ethyl acetate 180 mg mL-1 extracts from the dried yellow dianja dry powder inhibited the amylase activity, lipase and total protease activity in the larval intestine. The enzyme activity of the larvae after treatment was 0.57,0.61 and 0.65 times as much as the control. Compared with dry powder ethanol extract and dry powder acetic acid, The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract and ethyl acetate extract on the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera was smaller. After 3 D treatment, the weight inhibition rate of ethyl acetate extracts of 500100 and 20 mg mL-1 dimethyl acetate on larvae was 35.36%, 30.45% and 26.65% respectively, and the larvae pupation rate was 74.44%, 91.11% and 96.67%, and the adult emergence rate was 74.70%, 73.35%. And 74.69%, the inhibitory effect on the intestinal enzyme of the larvae was also low. When the 500 mg. ML-1 extract treated 3 D, the activity of amylase, lipase and total protease were 0.68,0.87 and 0.90 times.3 respectively. The antifeedant activity and inhibition of growth and development of the alpha three thiophene on the cotton bollworm were higher, and the gastric toxicity to the larvae was relatively low, and 24 h selectivity and non. The concentration of selective antifeedant (AFC50) was 11.52 mg / L-1 and 12.26mg L-11000100 and 10 mg. L-1 three thiophene respectively. The weight growth of the larvae was inhibited and the weight inhibition rate of 1 D was the highest, and 72.14%, 63.07% and 52.35%, 1000 and 100 mg L-1 three thiophene extended the larvae development days 1.37 D and 1.51 D, the pupa weight was compared to the control While reducing 53.07 g and 47.41 g., the pupation rate and the emergence rate were significantly lower than those of the control, the pupation rate was 53.35% and 67.70%, the emergence rate was 70.67% and the 69.95%. treatment 1D and 3 D, the alpha three thiophene had little effect on the amylase and total protease activity in the larva's intestines, and the activity of lipase inhibition was greater, and the activity of 1 D lipase was 0.52. To sum up, the extract of chrycechrysin inhibited the feeding of the larvae of cotton bollworm, inhibited the growth of the larvae and the activity of 3 digestive enzymes in the intestines, reduced the emergence rate and the pupation rate. The alpha three thiophene in the chrysalis was antifeedant to the larvae of cotton bollworm and inhibited the growth of the larvae weight, extended the number of larval development, reduced the pupal weight and reduced the emergence rate of the larvae. And the activity of the pupation rate.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433.4

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