本文選題：高光效種植模式 + 土壤肥力��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤微生物和土壤酶作為土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組分,能夠影響土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,表征土壤肥力狀況。高光效種植模式能夠通過提高光能利用率來提高作物產(chǎn)量,并具有增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、培肥地力等作用。但是,目前對于玉米高光效種植模式是如何通過影響土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)而提高作物產(chǎn)量的內(nèi)在機(jī)制還不清楚。因此,本研究以德惠市農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)基地為實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū),采用大區(qū)對比,對兩種種植模式(高光效種植模式和傳統(tǒng)種植模式),三個時期(6月、8月和10月)、三個土壤層(0-10cm、10-25cm和25-40cm)進(jìn)行了研究,解析了高光效種植模式下玉米不同生長發(fā)育時期、不同土層深度對土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的影響及其與土壤理化特性之間的相互關(guān)系,揭示玉米高光效種植模式提高農(nóng)田土壤肥力的微生物學(xué)機(jī)制,為農(nóng)田土壤培肥途徑提供理論借鑒。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)高光效種植模式顯著提高了土壤脲酶、土壤轉(zhuǎn)化酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,而對土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、土壤蛋白酶和土壤堿性磷酸酶活性影響不顯著。雖影響土壤中性磷酸酶活性變化,但是影響結(jié)果受到土層深度和取樣日期的不同影響不同。土壤酶活性都有明顯的季節(jié)性波動。除土壤轉(zhuǎn)化酶和土壤蛋白酶活性隨土層深度的變化不顯著外,土壤脲酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶、土壤中性磷酸酶、土壤堿性磷酸酶、土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都具有明顯的垂直分布特征。(2)高光效種植模式顯著提高了土壤微生物量碳的含量,雖然也提高了微生物生物量氮的含量,但兩種模式差異不顯著。微生物生物量碳氮都具有明顯的垂直分布特征。微生物生物量碳同時也具有明顯的季節(jié)性波動,但取樣日期對微生物生物量氮的影響不顯著。(3)高光效種植模式下土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量顯著高于傳統(tǒng)模式,土壤p H值顯著低于傳統(tǒng)模式,但高光效種植模式對土壤含水量、土壤總氮和總磷的影響均不顯著。取樣日期和土層深度都對土壤含水量、土壤p H、土壤總氮和總磷的影響顯著,而土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)垂直分布特征明顯,季節(jié)性波動不明顯。
[Abstract]:As an important component of soil ecosystem, soil microorganism and soil enzyme can affect the structure and function of soil ecosystem and characterize soil fertility. The pattern of high light efficiency can increase crop yield by increasing the utilization rate of light energy, and can increase soil organic matter and fertility. However, it is not clear that the internal mechanism of maize high light efficiency planting pattern can increase crop yield by affecting soil ecological environment. Therefore, using Dehui agricultural experiment base as experimental area, two planting patterns (high light efficiency planting model and traditional planting pattern, three periods (June, August and October), three soil layers (0-10 cm-1 10-25 cm and 25-40 cm) were studied by using regional comparison. The effects of different soil depth on soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass and their relationship with soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. To reveal the microbiological mechanism of maize high light efficiency planting model to improve soil fertility, and to provide theoretical reference for the way of soil fertility cultivation. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the activity of soil urease, soil invertase and soil acid phosphatase was significantly increased by the high light efficiency planting pattern, but the activities of 尾 -glucosidase, soil protease and alkaline phosphatase were not significantly affected. Although the change of soil neutral phosphatase activity was affected, the results were influenced by the depth of soil layer and the date of sampling. Soil enzyme activity has obvious seasonal fluctuation. Soil urease, soil acid phosphatase, soil neutral phosphatase, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil urease, soil acid phosphatase, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil invertase and soil protease activity did not change significantly with soil depth. Soil 尾 -glucosidase activity had obvious vertical distribution characteristics. (2) High light efficiency cultivation model significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content, although also increased microbial biomass nitrogen content, but there was no significant difference between the two models. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen have obvious vertical distribution characteristics. Microbial biomass carbon also had seasonal fluctuation, but the effect of sampling date on microbial biomass nitrogen was not significant. 3) soil organic matter content in high light efficiency planting model was significantly higher than that in traditional model. The pH value of soil was significantly lower than that of the traditional model, but the effects of high light efficiency on soil water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were not significant. The sampling date and soil depth had significant effects on soil water content, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, but the vertical distribution of soil organic matter was obvious, but the seasonal fluctuation was not obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S513;S154

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