本文選題：植物根際促生菌(PGPR) + 生物菌肥�。� 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物菌肥是一種新型的環(huán)境友好型肥料,其內(nèi)所含的促生菌等有益微生物—植物根際促生菌(Glant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR)不僅能給植物提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)、降低病蟲害發(fā)生,對(duì)植物起到增產(chǎn)的作用,而且還能改善土壤質(zhì)量,防止其二次污染。目前,PGPR已成為生物菌肥研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。然而,由于植物種類頗多,不同植物中PGPR不同,且其促生效果各異。因此,PGPR菌株資源庫(kù)還有待進(jìn)一步完善。為豐富PGPR菌株資源庫(kù),了解PGPR菌對(duì)不同植物的促生效果,本研究從花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)、油菜(Brassica campestris)、大蔥(Allium fistulosum)、辣椒(Capsicum annuum)4種植物根際分離和篩選了PGPR菌,根據(jù)菌株形態(tài)特征及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法對(duì)優(yōu)良菌株進(jìn)行鑒定。利用“牛津杯法”測(cè)定優(yōu)良PGPR菌株間的拮抗性,從而獲得了最佳的菌株組合。為驗(yàn)證最佳菌株組合的效果,本研究設(shè)置不施肥(CK)、前期研制的菌肥(NF1)、新制作的菌肥(NF2)、化肥4個(gè)處理進(jìn)行盆栽試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了小黑麥(Triticosecale)和貓尾草(Phleum pratense)的生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)。另外,設(shè)置A(不施肥,CK)、B(施微生物肥料)、C(70%化肥+微生物肥料)、D(100%化肥)4個(gè)處理進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),研究其對(duì)青梗花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)生物指標(biāo)和土壤微生物學(xué)指標(biāo)的影響。目前取得的結(jié)果如下:(1)從4種植物根際中共獲得57株P(guān)GPR菌株,其中固氮菌24株,溶磷菌33株。(2)PGPR菌株固氮酶活性在0.14~3664.97 nmol(C2H4)/h/mL,NCRS1、PYRS1、NYRS2及PCHP1菌株固氮酶活性大于100 nmol(C2H4)/h/mL,其值依次為3664.97、1557.63、160.03、108.90 nmol(C2H4)/h/mL,其余菌株固氮酶活性均小于100nmol(C2H4)/h/m L。(3)溶解無機(jī)磷PGPR菌株的D/d值在1.25~2.73,溶磷量在36.99~362.60μg/mL,各菌株培養(yǎng)液pH在4.57~5.75,其中溶磷量最大是NCRP2菌株;溶解有機(jī)磷PGPR菌株的D/d值在1.22~2.81,溶磷量在5.62~55.21μg/mL,各菌株培養(yǎng)液pH在5.89~7.85,其中溶磷量最大是PPRS3菌株。能同時(shí)溶解無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的菌株有NYRS3、NCRS1、NPRS1、MBHP1、MPHP1、MCRP1、MYRS2、MCRP2、MCRS1、MC RS4、PCHP1、PYRS2、PYRS1、PCRP1、PCRS2、PBRP1、PCRS1、PPHP1。(4)PGPR菌株分泌IAA量均小于4μg/mL,NCRP2和NCRP3菌株對(duì)小麥長(zhǎng)蠕孢(Helminthosporium tritici-vulgaris)、番茄早疫病(Alternariasolani)、黃瓜枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporumn)、馬鈴薯立枯絲核(Rhizoctonia solani)、油菜菌核(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)、玉米小斑病(Bipolaria maydis)均有抑制作用,其中NCRP2菌株抑菌率分別是61.23%、53.41%、51.52%、53.16%、77.44%、59.87%,NCRP3菌株抑制率分別是66.44%、52.63%、52.44%、62.27%、67.48%、57.02%。(5)通過對(duì)21株優(yōu)良PGPR進(jìn)行鑒定,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),PYRS1菌株為Pseudomonas syringae,NCRS1和PBRS2為Pseudomonas migulae;PCRP1菌株為Pseudomonas brassicacearum,MPHP1菌株為Pseudomonas thivervalensis,MCRS1、PCRS2、MC RP1、PYRS2及PPRS3菌株為乙酸鈣不動(dòng)桿菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus),MC RS4菌株為Advenella kashmirensis,NCRP1菌株為苦馬豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium sphaerophysae),NCRP2、NCRS2菌株為葉桿菌(Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense),NYRS3菌株為Microbacterium binotii;NBRP2菌株為Microbacterium profundi,MBHP1、MYRS2、NYRS2、MCRP2及PCHP1菌株為短小芽胞桿菌(Bacillus pumilus)。(6)盆栽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與NF1相比,NF2處理使小黑麥莖粗和地上生物量鮮重分別增加了6.79%和0.89%,貓尾草莖粗和葉綠素含量分別增加了33.74%和13.72%,不同處理間沒有顯著性差異(P0.05);NF2處理下小黑麥總根長(zhǎng)、根表面積、根體積最大,分別為217.94 cm、11.78 cm2、0.35 cm3,且對(duì)0.5~1.0 mm小黑麥根長(zhǎng)有顯著性影響(P0.05)。不同處理對(duì)貓尾草根系形態(tài)和不同根直徑的總根長(zhǎng)沒有顯著性影響(P0.05),但有一定的促進(jìn)作用。(7)通過田間試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),不同施肥處理下土壤微生物數(shù)量、微生物量均隨土層的加深而降低,土壤微生物數(shù)量為細(xì)菌放線菌真菌。其中,處理C效果最佳,與處理D相比,青�；ㄒ酥旮�、莖粗、葉片數(shù)、地上鮮重、地上干重、地下鮮重、地下干重、細(xì)菌數(shù)量、放線菌數(shù)量、微生物總數(shù)、土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮和土壤微生物量磷分別增加了6.82%、11.53%、11.76%、9.68%、33.33%、62.5%、33.33%、34.04%~37.61%、8.42%~15.87%、32.53%~33.86%、13.56%~18.6%、3.99%、12.81%~17.99%,真菌數(shù)量減少了26.23%~32.89%。不同施肥處理下土壤微生物量與微生物數(shù)量存在一定程度的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。因此,70%化肥+NF2對(duì)青�；ㄒ松L(zhǎng)具有良好的促進(jìn)效果。
[Abstract]:Biological microbial fertilizer is a new kind of environment-friendly fertilizer, which contains beneficial microbes, such as Glant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR, not only can provide nutrients to plants, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, increase yield to plants, but also improve soil quality and prevent secondary pollution. At present, PGPR has become one of the hot spots in biological bacterial fertilizer research. However, because of the variety of plant species, different plants have different PGPR and different effects on promoting growth. Therefore, the resource library of PGPR strain still needs to be further improved. In order to enrich the PGPR strain resource pool and understand the effect of PGPR bacteria on the growth promoting effect of different plants, this study from the cauliflower (Brassica olerace). A), campestris, Brassica campestris, Allium fistulosum, and pepper (Capsicum annuum) were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere of 4 plants. The fine strains were identified according to the morphological characteristics of the strains and the sequence analysis method of 16S rDNA gene. The best strains were obtained by using the "Oxford Cup" method to determine the antagonism among the excellent PGPR strains. In order to verify the effect of the best strain combination, the study was set up without fertilization (CK), the pre developed bacterial manure (NF1), the newly produced bacterial manure (NF2), 4 treatments of chemical fertilizer, and the growth index of the small rye (Triticosecale) and the Phleum pratense. In addition, the A (no fertilizer, CK), B (microbiological fertilizer), C (70% chemical) were set up. Fertilizer + microbial fertilizer), D (100% chemical fertilizer) 4 treatments were carried out in field experiments to study the effects on biological indexes of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and soil microbiological indexes. The results were as follows: (1) 57 PGPR strains were obtained from 4 plant rhizosphere, including 24 Azotobacter, 33 phosphate solubilizing bacteria and (2) PGPR strain of nitrogen fixation enzyme. In 0.14~3664.97 nmol (C2H4) /h/mL, NCRS1, PYRS1, NYRS2 and PCHP1, the activity of nitrogenase was greater than 100 nmol (C2H4) /h/mL. The culture solution of each strain was pH in 4.57~5.75, and the maximum amount of phosphorus dissolved was NCRP2; the D/d value of the dissolved organophosphorus PGPR strain was 1.22~2.81, the amount of phosphorus dissolved in 5.62~55.21 um g/mL, the pH in the culture liquid of each strain was 5.89~7.85, and the largest amount of phosphorus dissolved was the PPRS3 strain. MCRP1, MYRS2, MCRP2, MCRS1, MC RS4, PCHP1, PYRS2, PYRS1, PCRP1, PCRS2, PBRP1, (PBRP1) strains are less than 4 micron, tomato early blight, cucumber fusarium wilt disease, potato riser kernel Solani), Brassica sclerotiorum (Sclerotiniasclerotiorum) and corn speckle disease (Bipolaria maydis) had inhibitory effects. The inhibitory rates of NCRP2 strains were 61.23%, 53.41%, 51.52%, 53.16%, 77.44%, 59.87%, and NCRP3, respectively, 66.44%, 52.63%, 52.44%, 62.27%, 67.48%, 57.02%. (5), identified by a good PGPR of 21 strains. The results were found, The strain of PYRS1 is Pseudomonas syringae, NCRS1 and PBRS2 are Pseudomonas migulae, PCRP1 strain is Pseudomonas brassicacearum, MPHP1 strain is Pseudomonas. Rhizobium sphaerophysae, NCRP2, NCRS2 strain were Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense, NYRS3 strain was Microbacterium binotii, and NBRP2 strain was Microbacterium profundi. Treatment made the crude and aboveground biomass fresh weight of small rye increased by 6.79% and 0.89% respectively. The crude and chlorophyll content increased by 33.74% and 13.72%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between different treatments (P0.05). The total root length, the root surface area and the root volume under NF2 treatment were 217.94 cm, 11.78 cm2,0.35 cm3 respectively, and 0.5~1.0 mm respectively. The root length of Triticale had significant effect (P0.05). Different treatments had no significant influence on the root morphology and the total root length of different root diameter (P0.05), but it had a certain promotion effect. (7) through field experiments, it was found that the amount of soil microbes under different fertilization treatments decreased with the depth of soil layer and the amount of soil microorganism. Bacteria actinomycete fungi. Among them, treatment of C is the best, compared with the treatment of D, green stem broccoli plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, aboveground weight, ground dry weight, underground fresh weight, underground dry weight, number of bacteria, actinomycetes, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil microbial biomass phosphorus increased by 6.82%, 11.53% respectively. 11.76%, 9.68%, 9.68%, 33.33%, 62.5%, 33.33%, 34.04%~37.61%, 8.42%~15.87%, 32.53%~33.86%, 13.56%~18.6%, 3.99%, 12.81%~17.99%, the number of fungi decreased the positive correlation between soil microbial biomass and microbial biomass under different fertilization treatments. Therefore, 70% fertilizer +NF2 had good growth promotion for the growth of broccoli. Enter the effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S144

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張旺林;帶田作物化控劑及生物菌肥使用技術(shù)研究[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2000年01期

2 南芳明;生物菌肥在果樹上的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果初報(bào)[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2000年10期

3 陳鳳來;活性生物菌肥好[J];新農(nóng)業(yè);2000年11期

4 蔡偉;“農(nóng)大哥”牌生物菌肥介紹[J];農(nóng)村實(shí)用技術(shù);2002年09期

5 李育靜,王豫;4種生物菌肥在番茄上的應(yīng)用效果[J];青海農(nóng)技推廣;2003年04期

6 姚艷平,葉玫;生物菌肥在野，

本文編號(hào)：1961417