本文選題：砒砂巖 + 潰散機(jī)理　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：砒砂巖遇水潰散的特性造成了內(nèi)蒙古砒砂巖地區(qū)嚴(yán)重的水土流失。為了治理當(dāng)?shù)氐乃亮魇Ш痛龠M(jìn)植被的恢復(fù),需要采用淤地壩和植被固沙相結(jié)合的措施對其進(jìn)行治理。而該地區(qū)地形千溝萬壑導(dǎo)致交通極度不便,大規(guī)模從外面運(yùn)進(jìn)筑壩材料非常困難且成本過高。為了便于就地取材,本文通過對砒砂巖基本特性和潰散機(jī)理的研究找到了砒砂巖的改性方法,將砒砂巖改性成可用于淤地壩建設(shè)的壩身材料和過水材料,同時對改性材料的性能及影響因素展開了詳細(xì)的研究�；谂皫r改性技術(shù),研制出砒砂巖改性免燒磚并利用砒砂巖改性壩身材料在當(dāng)?shù)匦藿艘蛔⌒陀俚貕?初步實(shí)現(xiàn)砒砂巖改性材料的資源化利用。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和得到結(jié)論如下所示：(1)通過材料分析方法明確了砒砂巖的礦物組成和結(jié)構(gòu)組成。砒砂巖是由石英、鈉長石和鉀長石等支撐顆粒物、膨脹粘土(蒙脫石和綠泥石等)和游離氧化物(三氧化二鐵)等膠結(jié)物所構(gòu)成的顆粒支撐滲透式結(jié)構(gòu),在此基礎(chǔ)上建立起砒砂巖的三元結(jié)構(gòu)物理模型,為砒砂巖的進(jìn)一步研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。(2)通過對砒砂巖基本性能及潰散過程的研究,揭示了砒砂巖潰散的根本原因在于自身膠結(jié)差且膠結(jié)物大部分為膨脹粘土礦物(膠結(jié)力不足以約束膨脹作用),并利用膠結(jié)指數(shù)和潰散指數(shù)評價了砒砂巖的膠結(jié)性能和潰散性能。結(jié)合三元結(jié)構(gòu)物理模型及潰散試驗(yàn),建立了砒砂巖遇水潰散過程的物理模型,提出了游離氧化物膠結(jié)增強(qiáng)改性的方法。(3)結(jié)合復(fù)合材料強(qiáng)度理論及土體的強(qiáng)度理論推導(dǎo)出砒砂巖強(qiáng)度的數(shù)學(xué)模型(fp=K×Pg×.fg+2C×(1-Pg)tan(45°+φ/2)),為砒砂巖增強(qiáng)膠結(jié)改性提供理論基礎(chǔ)。通過向砒砂巖中加入適量的游離氧化物提高膠結(jié)指數(shù)和采用陽離子交換技術(shù)抑制膨脹輔助進(jìn)一步降低潰散指數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對砒砂巖的膠結(jié)增強(qiáng)改性,研制出價格低廉、綠色無污染且性能滿足要求(抗壓強(qiáng)度大于1MPa,膨脹率小于5%以軟化系數(shù)大于0.2)的砒砂巖改性壩身材料。(4)基于砒砂巖的礦物風(fēng)化特性及規(guī)律,提出砒砂巖加速風(fēng)化及激活改性方法。將砒砂巖中粘土弱膠結(jié)礦物(蒙脫石和綠泥石等)、部分鈉長石、部分鉀長石和添加的礦粉轉(zhuǎn)化為耐水高強(qiáng)膠凝物質(zhì)(水化硅鋁酸鈣、沸石和Si-Al膠體等),實(shí)現(xiàn)對砒砂巖的膠結(jié)增強(qiáng)改性。采用試驗(yàn)證實(shí)砒砂巖加速風(fēng)化改性技術(shù)的可行性,并初步研制出砒砂巖改性過水材料,其最高抗壓強(qiáng)度為46MPa、軟化系數(shù)到達(dá)0.95。改性過水材料的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物為水化硅酸鈣、水化硅鋁酸鈣、類沸石以及Si-Al膠體(地聚物)等。(5)在砒砂巖加速風(fēng)化及激活改性方法的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對砒砂巖進(jìn)行高溫煅燒以及添加適量表面活性劑,提高了漿體的流動性,實(shí)現(xiàn)了改性材料的澆筑成型,初步研制出砒砂巖改性膠凝材料,拓寬了改性材料的適用范圍。并利用絕對體積法和線性擬合的方法得出砒砂巖加速風(fēng)化及激活改性材料的材料組成設(shè)計方法。(6)基于砒砂巖加速風(fēng)化及激活改性技術(shù),初步研制出砒砂巖改性免燒磚緩解當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ么u缺乏的局勢,并在內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯二老虎溝建立了改性砒砂巖小型試驗(yàn)淤地壩。
[Abstract]:In order to control the local soil and water loss and promote the restoration of the vegetation, the combination of the silt dam and the vegetation and sand fixation should be adopted to control the soil erosion and soil erosion in the Inner Mongolia arsenic sandstone area. The material of the dam is very difficult and high cost. In order to make it easy to obtain the material, this paper finds the modification method of the arsenic sandstone through the study of the basic characteristics and the collapsing mechanism of the arsenic sandstone, and modifier the soft rock into the material of the dam body and the material that can be used for the construction of the silt dam. At the same time, the properties and the influencing factors of the modified material are studied in detail. Based on the modification technology of arsenic sandstone, a modified soft rock brick was developed and a small silt dam was built using the material of the modified rock dam. The main research content and conclusion of this paper are as follows: (1) the arsenic sandstone is clearly defined through the material analysis method. Mineral composition and structure composition. The arsenic sandstone is a porous structure supported by particles such as quartz, sodium feldspar and potassium feldspar, swelling clay (montmorillonite and chlorite etc.) and free oxide (iron oxide). On this basis, the physical model of the three element structure of arsenic sandstone is established, which is the one of the arsenic sandstone. 2. (2) through the study of the basic properties and the collapsing process of the arsenic sandstone, it is revealed that the fundamental reason for the collapse of the arsenic sandstone lies in its poor cementation and most of the cementation of the swelling clay minerals (the cementation force is not sufficient to restrain the expansion). The cementation index and the collapsing index are used to evaluate the cementation property and the collapsing of the arsenic sandstone. In combination with the physical model of three element structure and the collapsing test, the physical model of the water collapsing process of the arsenic sandstone is established. The method of strengthening the free oxide cementation is proposed. (3) the mathematical model of the strength of the arsenic sandstone (fp=K x Pg x.Fg+2C * (1-Pg) Tan (45 + [45] /2) is derived by combining the strength theory of the composite material and the strength theory of the soil. It provides a theoretical basis for strengthening the cementation of soft rock. By adding a proper amount of free oxide to the arsenic sandstone and improving the cementation index and using the cation exchange technique to reduce the swelling index, the cementation of the arsenic sandstone is further reduced, and the cementation of the arsenic sandstone is enhanced, and the price is low, the green is no pollution and the performance meets the requirements. The sandrock material is modified by soft rock with a degree of greater than 1MPa and less than 5% with a softening factor of more than 0.2. (4) based on the mineral weathering characteristics and regularity of the arsenic sandstone, the accelerated weathering and activation modification methods of arsenic sandstone are proposed. The clay sandstone in the sandstone (montmorillonite and chlorite), partial albite, partial potassium feldspar and added mineral powder are used. It is transformed into a water resistant and high-strength cementitious substance (calcium aluminosilicate, zeolite and Si-Al colloid) to improve the cementation of arsenic sandstone. The feasibility of testing the weathering modification technology of solid arsenic sandstone to accelerate weathering modification is tested, and the modified water material of arsenic sandstone is preliminarily developed, its maximum compressive strength is 46MPa, and the softening coefficient reaches 0.95. modified water material. The reaction products are hydrated calcium silicate, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, zeolite and Si-Al colloid (geopolymer). (5) on the basis of accelerated weathering and activation modification methods of arsenic sandstone, the fluidity of the slurry was improved by high temperature calcination and adding a proper amount of surfactants. The preliminary research on the molding of the modified material was achieved. The modified gelatin material of arsenic sandstone has been made to broaden the scope of application of modified materials. The method of material composition for accelerated weathering and activation of modified materials is obtained by using the method of absolute volume and linear fitting. (6) based on accelerated weathering and activation modification technology of arsenic sandstone, a preliminary development of soft clay sandstone modified free brick to alleviate the local conditions The lack of building brick situation, and the two tiger grooves in Erdos, Inner Mongolia, has set up a small scale test dam for modified sandstone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV41;S157
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本文編號：1956500