本文選題：雙季稻 + 集約化栽培模式�。� 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是溫室氣體重要排放源,在全球大氣溫室氣體(CH4、N20和CO2)凈交換和碳收支中占有重要地位。運(yùn)用生命周期評(píng)價(jià)方法綜合考慮水稻移栽后溫室氣體(CH4和N20)排放、固碳效應(yīng)、農(nóng)業(yè)措施碳排放以及水稻育秧期溫室氣體排放是全面評(píng)價(jià)凈溫室效應(yīng)(NGWP)的科學(xué)指標(biāo),同時(shí)結(jié)合水稻產(chǎn)量可以科學(xué)評(píng)估不同管理措施下農(nóng)田溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI)。提高單位面積作物產(chǎn)量是對(duì)我國(guó)未來(lái)糧食安全的重要保障,土壤-作物系統(tǒng)綜合管理(ISSM)則是基于在不同資源(如氮肥)投入水平下通過(guò)對(duì)土壤和作物系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行綜合管理從而獲得不同目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量的栽培模式,該管理系統(tǒng)主要包括不同氮肥施用量、氮肥施用比例、有機(jī)餅肥施用以及移栽密度等集約化栽培措施,這些集約化栽培措施將如何影響稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)溫室氣體排放鮮有報(bào)道。因此,本文研究探討了不同氮肥水平集約化栽培模式對(duì)雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)凈溫室效應(yīng)的綜合影響,為全面合理評(píng)價(jià)不氮肥水平集約化栽培模式雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)量、氮肥利用率和凈溫室效應(yīng)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究以我國(guó)南方雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,以不施氮肥模式NN和當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)栽培模式FP為參照,依托土壤-作物綜合管理(ISSM)設(shè)置了三個(gè)氮肥水平集約化栽培模式,分別為ISSM-N1 (與FP比,氮肥減少30kgha-1)、ISSM-N2 (與FP等施氮量)和ISSM-N3 (與FP比,氮肥增加30 kg ha-1)。于2011年4月至2014年4月三個(gè)早稻-晚稻-休閑輪作期間,采用靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法對(duì)五種栽培模式的CH4和N2O排放通量以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸進(jìn)行了田間原位觀測(cè),同時(shí)研究了不同栽培模式雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)凈碳收支(NECB)、農(nóng)業(yè)措施碳排放(Eo、Ei)以及不同育秧方式(水育秧-WSB、旱育秧-DSB和軟盤(pán)育秧-WPT)下苗床期溫室氣體排放情況,進(jìn)而估算雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的凈溫室效應(yīng)(NGWP)和溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1. 2011年4月至2014年4月三年試驗(yàn)期間各栽培模式全年CH4排放動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,主要排放集中在水稻生長(zhǎng)季,晚稻季累積排放量顯著高于早稻季。各栽培模式早稻與晚稻季CH4累積排放量與水稻生物量之間呈顯著正相關(guān)。冬季休閑季CH4排放量較小,在不同栽培模式中約占全年總排放量2.0%～2.7%。五種栽培模式雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)全年CH4累積排放量變化范圍為380 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-(NN)～645 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1(ISSM-N3),其中施用有機(jī)餅肥的兩種集約化栽培模式ISSM-N2與ISSM-N3相對(duì)于其他三種栽培模式顯著增加了全年CH4累積排放量。2. 2011年4月至2014年4月三年試驗(yàn)期間水稻生長(zhǎng)季各栽培模式的N2O除個(gè)別排放峰外大部分時(shí)間處于很低水平。不同栽培模式對(duì)N20通量變化趨勢(shì)無(wú)顯著影響,但影響其峰值。各栽培模式晚稻季N20累積排放量顯著高于早稻季,休閑季開(kāi)始初期有N2O排放峰出現(xiàn),整個(gè)休閑季N2O累積排放量占全年的18%～27%。全年N2O累積排放量范圍為 0.34 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1(NN)～1.03 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1(ISSM-N3)。除ISSM-N1模式與NN在晚稻季N2O累積排放量差異不顯著外,其余各施氮模式早晚稻季N20累積排放量均顯著高于NN模式。全年N20累積排放量與總施氮量之間呈顯著指數(shù)相關(guān)。3.本研究中各栽培模式在三年試驗(yàn)期間均表現(xiàn)為碳固定。各栽培模式年均固碳速率為 0.13 t ha-1 yr-1(NN)、0.29 t ha-1 yr-1(FP)、0.49 t ha-1 yr-1(ISSM-N1)、0.56 t ha-1 yr-1(ISSM-N2)和0.61t ha-1 yr-1(ISSM-N3)。與NN模式相比,四種施氮模式均顯著提高了固碳速率。同時(shí),與FP模式相比,三種集約化栽培模式均顯著提高了固碳速率。栽培模式和年際均顯著影響早晚稻產(chǎn)量。三年試驗(yàn)期間早晚稻產(chǎn)量分別為4.63 t ha-1～9.31t ha-1和6.22 t ha-1～10.17 t ha-1,各栽培模式晚稻季產(chǎn)量顯著高于早稻季。相對(duì)于不施氮肥的NN模式,各施氮栽培模式均顯著提高了早晚稻產(chǎn)量。與當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)FP相比,三種集約化栽培模式顯著提高了全年水稻產(chǎn)量,同時(shí)也顯著提高了早晚稻季氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用率。4.雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各栽培模式農(nóng)業(yè)措施碳排放(Eo、Ei)分別為1267.5 kg CO2-eq(NN)、2781.7 kg CO2-eq (FP)、2719.7 kg C02-eq (ISSM-N1)、3439.1 kg CO2-eq(ISSM-N2)、4034.3 kgCO2-eq (ISSM-N3)。與 FP 模式相比,ISSM-N1 降低了農(nóng)業(yè)措施碳排放,ISSM-N2與ISSM-N3提高了農(nóng)業(yè)措施碳排放。雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng)育秧方式水育秧(WSB)、旱育秧(DSB)和近年來(lái)推廣的軟盤(pán)育秧(WPT)由CH4和N20排放引起的溫室效應(yīng)(GWP)分別為1429.6、3197.0和1032.2 kg C02-eq。與WSB與DSB相比,WPT的GWP顯著降低了 28%和68%。相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的水育秧和旱育秧方式,近年來(lái)推廣的軟盤(pán)育秧方式可以顯著降低水稻苗床期CH4和N2O排放引起的綜合溫室效應(yīng)。5.雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各栽培模式凈溫室效應(yīng)(NGWP)以CH4排放為主,農(nóng)田措施碳排放(Eo、Ei)次之,N20排放與苗床期溫室氣體排放貢獻(xiàn)較小,固碳可以抵消一部分溫室效應(yīng)。當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)栽培模式FP的NGWP為18.72tCO2 eq ha-1,溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI)為 1.23 kg CO2 eq kg grain-1。與 FP 相比,ISSM-N1 模式中 NGWP 與GHGI分別降低了 1.3%和10.5%; ISSM-N2與ISSM-N3模式的NGWP則分別增加了27.4%和 32.7%, GHGI 分別增加了 3.6%和 3.9%。綜上所述,與當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)栽培模式(FP)相比,氮肥減量集約化栽培模式ISSM-N1顯著提高了我國(guó)南方雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)水稻產(chǎn)量和氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用率,同時(shí)對(duì)水稻生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度具有一定減排潛力。ISSM-N2和ISSM-N3兩種集約化栽培模式雖然顯著提高了水稻產(chǎn)量,但也提高了凈溫室效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Farmland ecosystem is an important source of greenhouse gas emission, which plays an important role in the net exchange and carbon budget of global atmospheric greenhouse gases (CH4, N20 and CO2). Using the life cycle assessment method, the emission of greenhouse gases (CH4 and N20) after rice transplanting, carbon sequestration, agricultural measures carbon emissions and greenhouse gas emission during rice seedling stage are considered. A comprehensive evaluation of the scientific indicators of the net greenhouse effect (NGWP) and a scientific assessment of the greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) under different management measures combined with rice yield. The increase of crop yield per unit area is an important guarantee for the future food security of China. The integrated management of soil crop system (ISSM) is based on different resources (such as nitrogen fertilizer). ) the cultivation model of different target yields is obtained by integrated management of soil and crop systems at input level. The management system mainly includes different nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen application ratio, organic cake fertilizer application and transplanting density and other intensive cultivation measures. These intensive cultivation measures will affect the rice field ecosystem. The greenhouse gas emissions are rarely reported. Therefore, this paper studies the comprehensive effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Level Intensive Cultivation Models on the net greenhouse effect of double cropping rice ecosystem, and provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive and rational evaluation of the ecological system yield, nitrogen utilization rate and net greenhouse effect of non nitrogenous intensive cultivation model. Based on the double cropping rice ecosystem in the south of China, three intensive cultivation models of nitrogen fertilizer were set up based on soil crop comprehensive management (ISSM), based on the non nitrogen fertilizer model NN and the local conventional cultivation model FP, respectively, ISSM-N1 (compared with FP, nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30kgha-1), ISSM-N2 (and FP and so on) and ISSM-N3 (FP ratio, and FP). Nitrogen fertilizer increased by 30 kg HA-1). During the period of three early rice and late rice leisure rotation from April 2011 to April 2014, the CH4 and N2O emission fluxes of five cultivated models and the ecosystem respiration were observed in situ by static box gas chromatography. The net carbon budget of different Zai Peimo type double cropping rice ecosystem (NECB) and agriculture were studied. The greenhouse gas emission of Eo (Eo, Ei) and different seedling raising methods (water raising rice seedling -WSB, dry seedling raising -DSB and soft disk seedling -WPT) under the seedbed period was used to estimate the net greenhouse effect (NGWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) of the double cropping rice ecosystem. The main results were as follows: from April to three years of 1.2011 years, each plant was planted in each experiment. The dynamic change trend of CH4 emission was basically consistent throughout the year, mainly concentrated in the growing season of rice, and the cumulative emission of late rice season was significantly higher than that of early rice. The cumulative emission of CH4 from early and late season rice was significantly positively correlated with the biomass of rice, and the CH4 emission of winter leisure season was smaller in different cultivation models. The annual total emission of the annual total emission of 2% ~ 2.7%. five cultivation models was 380 kg CH4 HA-1 yr- (NN) to 645 kg CH4 HA-1 yr-1 (ISSM-N3), and the two intensive cultivation modes with organic cake fertilizer were significantly increased in the year. .2. from April 2011 to April 2014 in three years during the trial period of the rice growing season was at a very low level of N2O except for individual emission peaks. Different cultivation patterns had no significant influence on the change trend of N20 flux, but affected its peak value. The N20 accumulation and discharge of each cultivation mode was significantly higher than that in the early season, and the leisure season was open. At the beginning, the N2O emission peak appeared, and the cumulative emission of N2O in the whole leisure season accounted for 18% ~ 27%. of the whole year. The cumulative emission of N2O was 0.34 kg N2O-N HA-1 yr-1 (NN) to 1.03 kg N2O-N HA-1. All the annual N20 cumulative emission and total nitrogen application were significantly exponentially correlated with the NN model. Each cultivation model in the three year experiment showed carbon fixation during the three year experiment. The annual carbon fixation rate of each cultivation model was 0.13 t HA-1 yr-1 (NN), 0.29 t HA-1 yr-1 (FP), 0.49 t. And 0.61t HA-1 yr-1 (ISSM-N3). Compared with the NN model, the four nitrogen application patterns significantly increased the carbon fixation rate. At the same time, compared with the FP model, the three intensive cultivation patterns significantly increased the carbon fixation rate. The cultivation mode and the interannual both significantly affected the yield of early and late rice. The yield of early and late rice was 4.63 t HA-1 to 9.31t HA-1 in the three year test period, respectively. The yield of 6.22 t HA-1 ~ 10.17 t HA-1 was significantly higher than that of early season rice. Compared with the NN model without nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of early and late rice was significantly increased by different nitrogen fertilization modes. Compared with the local conventional FP, three intensive cultivation models significantly increased the annual rice yield and also significantly improved the early and late rice season nitrogen fertilizer farmers. The carbon emissions (Eo, Ei) of the.4. double season rice ecological system were 1267.5 kg CO2-eq (NN), 2781.7 kg CO2-eq (FP), 2719.7 kg C02-eq (ISSM-N1), 3439.1, 4034.3, respectively. The greenhouse effect (WSB), dry nursery (DSB) and CH4 and N20 emissions caused by CH4 and N20 in recent years (GWP) are 1429.63197.0 and 1032.2 kg C02-eq., respectively, compared with WSB and DSB, respectively. The WPT is significantly reduced by 28% and relative to the traditional water raising and drought. The way of raising rice seedlings, the method of raising seedling with soft disk in recent years can significantly reduce the greenhouse effect of CH4 and N2O in the period of rice seedling bed. The net greenhouse effect of.5. double cropping system (NGWP) is mainly CH4 emission, and the carbon emission of farmland measures (Eo, Ei) is the second. The contribution of N20 emission and greenhouse gas emission is less, carbon sequestration can be found. In order to offset a part of the greenhouse effect, the NGWP of the local conventional cultivation model FP was 18.72tCO2 EQ HA-1, and the greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) was 1.23 kg CO2 EQ kg grain-1. compared with FP, which decreased by 1.3% and 10.5% respectively. Combined with 3.6% and 3.9%., compared with the local conventional cultivation model (FP), the nitrogen reduction and intensive cultivation model ISSM-N1 significantly improved the rice yield and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the southern double cropping rice ecosystem in the south of China. At the same time, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the rice production process had a certain emission reduction potential of.ISSM-N2 and ISSM-N3. Although intensive cultivation increased rice yield significantly, it also increased net greenhouse effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S511.42;S181

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 樹(shù)宜;;什么是果園的集約化栽培[J];煙臺(tái)果樹(shù);1985年03期

2 何永梅;盧建祥;黃文;;蒜黃集約化栽培技術(shù)[J];科學(xué)種養(yǎng);2007年11期

3 劉仁明;莊浪河川集約化栽培技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用[J];蘭州科技情報(bào);1997年06期

4 劉殊;南方果樹(shù)集約化栽培模式[J];農(nóng)村實(shí)用工程技術(shù);1997年03期

5 齊士福,陳天恩,徐偉;城郊型農(nóng)業(yè)集約化栽培模式及其特點(diǎn)[J];蘭州科技情報(bào);1998年01期

6 何永梅;盧建祥;黃文;;蒜黃集約化栽培技術(shù)[J];農(nóng)村實(shí)用技術(shù);2008年03期

7 方順民;柑桔集約化栽培試驗(yàn)小結(jié)——三年畝產(chǎn)超雙噸[J];浙江柑桔;1991年04期

8 周士正,陳利進(jìn),魏新中,齊文虎,王建;蘋(píng)果樹(shù)在平原地區(qū)集約化栽培中的行向和密度[J];河南氣象;1999年03期

9 王衛(wèi),吳洪芬,董景源,王本業(yè),高秀花;佛手保護(hù)地集約化栽培技術(shù)[J];山東林業(yè)科技;1999年06期

10 李恩生;成明昊;;果樹(shù)集約化栽培中的生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑[J];遼寧果樹(shù);1980年03期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前3條

1 劉成連;蘋(píng)果:矮砧集約化栽培是方向(中)[N];河南科技報(bào);2014年

2 韓明玉;蘋(píng)果矮砧集約化栽培需注意[N];河南科技報(bào);2014年

3 劉連成;蘋(píng)果:矮砧集約化栽培是方向(下)[N];河南科技報(bào);2014年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉英烈;不同氮肥水平集約化栽培模式雙季稻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)溫室氣體收支的田間觀測(cè)[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

，

本文編號(hào)：1954639