本文選題：水稻土 + 土壤滲漏液��； 參考：《東北師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：紅壤是我國南方亞熱帶地區(qū)重要的土壤類型,水稻土是重要的人工濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。近幾十年來,隨著自然環(huán)境的惡化,加之人類活動的干擾,導致紅壤水稻土結構破壞嚴重,肥力明顯降低,嚴重影響了紅壤水稻土地區(qū)的水稻產量和品質。土壤團聚體是土壤結構的重要組成部分,在提高土壤肥力和改善土壤結構方面具有重要意義。不同施肥方式下土壤團聚體分布及土壤團聚體中碳氮含量存在差異。施肥是改善土壤中碳氮等養(yǎng)分含量的重要措施,但過量施肥會導致土壤中碳、氮淋失量增多,因此,本論文依托中國科學院千煙洲紅壤丘陵綜合試驗站中的長期定位施肥樣地,利用負壓法進行土壤滲漏液采樣,并用濕篩法進行土壤團聚體的篩分,研究不同施肥種類秸稈還田(ST)、有機肥(OM)、化肥(NPK)對紅壤水稻土早稻和晚稻不同種植階段中碳素和氮素淋失狀況及全土和團聚體中碳、氮含量分布的影響。主要研究結果如下:(1)紅壤水稻土中DOC和NH4+-N的淋失量均是水稻營養(yǎng)生長期高于水稻生殖生長期;紅壤水稻土中氮素淋失以銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)為主,三種不同施肥方式下,施用NPK處理方式下紅壤水稻土中NH4+-N淋失量最多,三種不同施肥方式下,施用OM處理方式下使紅壤水稻土中可溶解性有機碳(DOC)淋失量最多。(2)紅壤水稻土中NH4+-N、DOC、總有機碳(SOC)和總氮(TN)含量在不同施肥處理方式下存在差異,其中施用NPK顯著增加了紅壤水稻土中TN含量,而施用OM則顯著提高了紅壤水稻土中SOC含量。(3)紅壤水稻土土壤滲漏液中DOC含量和NH4+-N含量分別隨紅壤水稻土中SOC含量和TN含量的增加而增多,均呈顯著正相關關系(P0.01)。(4)不同施肥處理方式下,紅壤水稻土中的團聚體分布主要為粉砂和粘粒(63μm)部分,其比例約占全土的一半。(5)不同種類肥料的施用均能增加紅壤水稻土及其不同粒級團聚體中的碳氮含量,四種處理方式中,施用OM能夠顯著增加紅壤水稻土全土中的有機碳和全氮的含量,同時也能明顯增加不同粒級團聚體中的有機碳和全氮的含量。
[Abstract]:Red soil is an important soil type in the subtropical region of southern China, and paddy soil is an important constructed wetland ecosystem. In recent decades, with the deterioration of natural environment and the interference of human activities, the structure of paddy soil in red soil has been destroyed seriously, and the fertility of paddy soil has been significantly reduced, which has seriously affected the yield and quality of rice in paddy soil area of red soil. Soil aggregate is an important component of soil structure, which plays an important role in improving soil fertility and soil structure. The distribution of soil aggregates and the content of carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates were different under different fertilization methods. Fertilization is an important measure to improve soil carbon and nitrogen content, but excessive fertilization will lead to the increase of soil carbon and nitrogen leaching. Therefore, this paper relies on the long-term location of fertilization sample in Qianyanzhou red soil comprehensive experimental station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The negative pressure method was used to sample the soil leakage and the wet sieve method was used to screen the soil aggregate. The effects of different fertilizer types on carbon and nitrogen leaching in early rice and late rice in red soil and the distribution of carbon and nitrogen in whole soil and aggregate were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) the leaching loss of DOC and NH4 N in red paddy soil was higher than that in rice reproductive growth stage, and the nitrogen leaching in red paddy soil was dominated by ammonium nitrogen (NH _ 4-N). The amount of NH4 -N leaching in paddy soil of red soil was the most under the treatment of NPK, and under three different fertilization methods, the leaching loss of NH4 was the most in the paddy soil of red soil. The content of soluble organic carbon (NH4), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TNC) in paddy soil of red soil were different under different fertilization treatments. The application of NPK significantly increased the TN content in paddy soil of red soil. The content of DOC and NH4-N in soil leakage of red paddy soil increased with the increase of SOC content and TN content, respectively. Under different fertilization treatments, the distribution of aggregates in paddy soils was mainly composed of silt and clay (63 渭 m). Its proportion is about half of the whole soil.) the application of different kinds of fertilizers can increase the carbon and nitrogen content in red paddy soil and its different grain-grade aggregates. The application of OM could significantly increase the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the whole soil of red paddy soil, but also increase the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the aggregates of different grain levels.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

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本文編號：1954486