本文選題：冬小麥 + 夏玉米　； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為探究黃淮海區(qū)冬小麥-夏玉米兩熟制農(nóng)田秸稈還田腐解規(guī)律及其培肥機(jī)理,2012年10月~2014年9月,以冬小麥西農(nóng)979、夏玉米鄭單958為供試作物,通過(guò)大田定位試驗(yàn),在周年秸稈全量還田的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)置:不施肥處理(CK),常規(guī)施肥(300 kg·hm-2純氮)(SF),常規(guī)施肥+秸稈腐熟劑(SFD),常規(guī)施肥+精致有機(jī)肥(SFM)4個(gè)處理。系統(tǒng)研究了多種秸稈還田促腐方式對(duì)秸稈腐解及農(nóng)田土壤物理化學(xué)生物性狀、作物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量形成的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1.麥玉兩熟制下秸稈還田配施有機(jī)肥處理(SFM)和配施秸稈腐熟劑處理(SFD)能夠顯著提高土壤耕層含水量和養(yǎng)分含量,改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)土壤微生物活性。秸稈還田配施有機(jī)肥處理(SFM)和配施秸稈腐熟劑處理(SFD)能夠顯著提高表層(0-20cm)土壤0.25mm水穩(wěn)性大團(tuán)聚體比例,降低0.25mm水穩(wěn)性微團(tuán)聚體比例,夏玉米季的水穩(wěn)性大團(tuán)聚體比例整體較冬小麥季的高;能夠提高土壤耕層含水量,增加土壤耕層堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量,增強(qiáng)小麥玉米生育期土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶的活性。2.麥玉兩熟制下秸稈還田配施有機(jī)肥處理(SFM)和配施秸稈腐熟劑處理(SFD)能夠提高作物光合能力和產(chǎn)量。秸稈還田配施有機(jī)肥處理(SFM)和配施秸稈腐熟劑處理(SFD)葉綠素SPAD值、開(kāi)花期和灌漿期凈光合速率(Pn)均大于單施化肥處理(SF),3種促腐處理則均明顯大于施肥處理(CK);配施有機(jī)肥(SFM)處理小麥玉米干物質(zhì)積累量及收獲期地上部生物量明顯高于其他處理;配施有機(jī)肥(SFM)和添加秸稈腐熟劑(SFD)處理的小麥玉米產(chǎn)量明顯高于其他處理,其中在2014年小麥季3種促腐處理產(chǎn)量出現(xiàn)顯著性差異。3.麥玉兩熟制下秸稈還田促腐處理能明顯降低周年氮盈余量,提高作物氮素利用效率,降低基礎(chǔ)地力對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率,提高農(nóng)田經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。秸稈還田配施有機(jī)肥處理(SFM)和配施秸稈腐熟劑處理(SFD)明顯提高作物氮收獲指數(shù)、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力以及氮素產(chǎn)投比;從周年氮平衡看,單施秸稈會(huì)造成農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)氮素虧缺,SFM、SFD處理則在施純氮量300kg·hm-2時(shí)出現(xiàn)氮盈余,較SF處理明顯降低了氮素盈余量,提高了氮素利用效率;從農(nóng)田經(jīng)濟(jì)效益看,SFM、SFD處理資本投入較大,但周年經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及純收益增長(zhǎng)率比SF處理提高了37.99%、9.47%;從地力對(duì)產(chǎn)量貢獻(xiàn)率看,秸稈還田促腐處理經(jīng)過(guò)連續(xù)兩年試驗(yàn),能明顯降低基礎(chǔ)地力對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率,其中SFM、SFD處理周年地力對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率降低了9.39%、8.86%,降幅顯著高于SF處理。4.采用尼龍網(wǎng)袋法研究麥秸、玉米秸腐解規(guī)律。以配施秸稈腐熟劑(SFD)和有機(jī)肥(SFM)處理的秸稈腐解率最大,小麥、玉米秸稈在不同促腐處理經(jīng)過(guò)當(dāng)季的分解,玉米秸稈累計(jì)腐解率大于小麥秸稈,分別為57.69%-67.79%、59.10%-67.43%,周年秸稈累計(jì)腐解率為58.37%-67.07%,各處理表現(xiàn)為SFMSFDSFCK;秸稈腐解率與時(shí)間的回歸模型模擬中,玉米秸稈和小麥秸稈腐解以三次模型的擬合度最好R2為0.984-0.985,0.992-0.999,其中SFM、SFD處理秸稈完全腐解時(shí)間均為最短;不同秸稈促腐下玉米、小麥秸稈氮素釋放了57.51%-68.80%、56.41%-65.81%,各處理表現(xiàn)與秸稈累計(jì)腐解率一致;因此還田秸稈促腐處理中以配施秸稈腐熟劑(SFD)和有機(jī)肥(SFM)秸稈腐解速率最大。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the decomposition rule and fertilization mechanism of winter wheat and summer corn two cropland straw returning in yellow Huaihe sea area, in September ~2014 year September, the winter wheat West Farm 979 and summer maize Zhengdan 958 were used as the tested crops. On the basis of the field location test, on the basis of the annual full amount of straw returning, no fertilizer treatment (CK) and conventional fertilization (300 kg. Pure) were set up. Nitrogen (SF), conventional fertilization + straw maturing agent (SFD), conventional fertilization and fine organic fertilizer (SFM) were treated with 4 treatments. The effects of a variety of straw returning methods on straw decomposition and soil physical and chemical biological characters, crop growth and growth and yield formation were systematically studied. The main results were as follows: 1. the straw returning to the field and applying organic fertilizer under the system of two ripening of wheat and jade Treatment (SFM) and straw maturing agent (SFD) can significantly increase soil water content and nutrient content, improve soil structure and enhance soil microbial activity. Straw returning with organic fertilizer treatment (SFM) and application of straw decomposing agent treatment (SFD) can significantly increase the proportion of large aggregate aggregate of 0.25mm water stable in soil (0-20cm), and decrease 0.2 The proportion of 5mm water stable microaggregate, the proportion of water stable large aggregate in summer corn season is higher than that of winter wheat. It can increase soil water content, increase soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, quick available phosphorus, content of available potassium, increase soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity of wheat and maize under the two ripening of wheat and jade under the growth period of wheat and corn, and make straw returning to the field. The application of organic manure treatment (SFM) and straw maturing agent treatment (SFD) can improve the photosynthetic capacity and yield of crops. Straw returning with organic fertilizer treatment (SFM) and straw decomposing agent treatment (SFD) chlorophyll SPAD value, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at flowering and filling stage (SF), and 3 kinds of corrosion promoting treatments are obviously greater than the application. Fertilizer treatment (CK), combined application of organic fertilizer (SFM) treatment of dry matter accumulation of wheat and corn and the biomass of aboveground biomass in harvest period were significantly higher than that of other treatments. The yield of wheat and corn treated with organic manure (SFM) and straw maturing agent (SFD) was significantly higher than that of other treatments. In the 2014 wheat season, the yield of 3 kinds of rot promoting treatment was significantly different from that of.3.. Straw returning in two maturing system can obviously reduce the annual nitrogen surplus, improve the nitrogen use efficiency, reduce the contribution rate of the basic soil fertility to the yield, and improve the economic benefit of the farmland. The straw returning with organic fertilizer treatment (SFM) and the application of straw decomposing agent treatment (SFD) can obviously improve the crop nitrogen harvest index and the nitrogen fertilizer application. Rate, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen production and investment ratio; from the annual nitrogen balance, single application of straw could cause nitrogen deficit in farmland ecosystem. SFM and SFD treatment showed nitrogen surplus in the application of pure nitrogen 300kg. Hm-2. Compared with SF treatment, nitrogen surplus was obviously reduced and nitrogen use efficiency was improved. From the economic benefit of farmland, SFM, SFD treated capital investment. But the annual economic benefit and the growth rate of pure income increased by 37.99% and 9.47% compared with the SF treatment. From the contribution of the soil to the yield, the contribution rate of the ground force to the yield could be obviously reduced by two consecutive years of experiment on the contribution rate of straw returning to the field, of which the contribution rate of SFM and SFD to the yield was reduced by 9.39% and 8.86%, and the decrease was significantly higher. The SF treatment.4. was used to study the law of wheat straw and Corn Stalk Decomposition by nylon mesh bag method. The maximum decomposition rate of straw was treated with straw maturing agent (SFD) and organic fertilizer (SFM). The cumulative decomposition rate of wheat and corn straw was larger than that of wheat straw, 57.69%-67.79%, 59.10%-67.43%, respectively. The cumulative decomposition rate of straw was 58.37%-67.07%, and each treatment was SFMSFDSFCK. In the regression model of straw decomposition rate and time, the best fitting degree of corn straw and wheat straw decomposition with the three model was R2 0.984-0.985,0.992-0.999, in which SFM, SFD straw completely decomposed time was the shortest; different straw promoted the rot corn, small corn, small corn, small The nitrogen of wheat straw released 57.51%-68.80%, 56.41%-65.81%, and the performance of each treatment was the same as the accumulative decomposition rate of straw. Therefore, the rate of decomposition of straw rotting agent (SFD) and organic fertilizer (SFM) was the greatest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S141.4

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李仟;麥玉兩熟制秸稈還田促腐措施對(duì)土壤和作物的影響研究[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號(hào)：1950550