發(fā)布時間：2018-05-29 07:27

  本文選題：水稻 + 土壤pH　； 參考：《核農(nóng)學(xué)報》2017年04期

【摘要】：為探討酸化土壤影響水稻氮利用效率的土壤生物學(xué)機制,以酸性敏感型品種五優(yōu)308和酸性特異型品種荊楚優(yōu)148為材料,采用盆栽試驗考察不同土壤pH條件下水稻的氮利用效率指標與根際土壤酶活性及微生物數(shù)量的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,在土壤pH值3.5~6.5范圍內(nèi),五優(yōu)308氮素稻谷生產(chǎn)效率(NGPE)與氮生理效率(NPE)隨土壤pH值的下降顯著降低,氮收獲指數(shù)(NHI)變化不明顯;而荊楚優(yōu)148中3個指標在pH值5.0時最大。土壤pH值的下降均降低了2個品種的根際土壤酶活性,但品種間、時期間降幅稍有差異。五優(yōu)308各時期磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量隨土壤pH值降低而降低,而荊楚優(yōu)148各時期PLFA含量在pH值5.0時最高。五優(yōu)308的NGPE、NPE與3種土壤酶活性均呈顯著正相關(guān),而NHI僅與蔗糖酶活性呈極顯著正相關(guān);荊楚優(yōu)148氮利用效率指標與土壤酶活性呈負相關(guān),與土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的相關(guān)性較顯著;五優(yōu)308氮利用效率指標與微生物數(shù)量呈正相關(guān),但其顯著性在不同生育時期間與微生物間有一定差異;而荊楚優(yōu)148氮利用效率指標與分蘗~孕穗期土壤微生物數(shù)量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與齊穗期土壤微生物數(shù)量呈極顯著負相關(guān)。由此可見,酸性敏感型水稻品種氮利用效率隨土壤pH下降顯著降低,且主要由根際土壤酶活性與微生物數(shù)量顯著下降所致;而酸性特異型水稻品種氮利用效率在pH值5.0時最大,且其與土壤生物學(xué)特性指標的相關(guān)性表現(xiàn)與酸性敏感型水稻品種不同。本研究初步明確了酸化稻田影響水稻氮利用效率的土壤生物學(xué)機制,為酸化稻田適宜水稻品種選擇提供了參考。
[Abstract]:In order to study the soil biological mechanism of the effects of acidified soil on nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice, the acid sensitive cultivar Wuyou 308 and the acid special type variety Jingchu you 148 were used as materials. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) and enzyme activity and microbial quantity in rhizosphere soil under different soil pH conditions. The results showed that in the range of soil pH value of 3.5 ~ 6.5, the nitrogen yield efficiency (NGPE-) and the nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) of Wuyou 308 decreased significantly with the decrease of soil pH value, but the nitrogen harvest index (NHII) did not change significantly, but the three indexes of Jingchu you 148 were the largest at pH 5.0. The decrease of soil pH value decreased the soil enzyme activity of the two cultivars, but there was a slight difference between the two cultivars. The content of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) in Wuyou 308 decreased with the decrease of soil pH, while the content of PLFA in Jingchu you 148 was the highest at pH 5.0. NGPENPE of Wuyou 308 was positively correlated with three soil enzymes, while NHI was only positively correlated with the activity of sucrase, and the nitrogen use efficiency index of Jingchu you 148 was negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity. The nitrogen utilization efficiency index of Wuyou 308 was positively correlated with the number of microorganisms, but there was a certain difference between them during different growth periods. However, the nitrogen utilization efficiency index of Jingchu you 148 was positively correlated with the number of soil microorganisms at tillering to booting stage, and negatively correlated with the number of soil microorganisms at full heading stage. It can be seen that the nitrogen use efficiency of acid sensitive rice varieties decreased significantly with the decrease of soil pH, and was mainly caused by the decrease of enzyme activity and the number of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil, while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of acid and special type rice varieties was the highest at pH 5.0. The correlation between soil biological characteristics and soil biological characteristics was different from that of acid-sensitive rice varieties. In this study, the soil biological mechanism of the effects of acidified paddy fields on the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice was preliminarily clarified, which provided a reference for the selection of suitable rice varieties in acidified paddy fields.
【作者單位】： 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/南方糧油作物協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31171494) 國家科技支撐計劃項目(2011BAD16B01)
【分類號】：S511;S154

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