發(fā)布時間：2018-05-27 05:25

  本文選題：土地利用結(jié)構(gòu) + 結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)��； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)投入產(chǎn)出結(jié)構(gòu)(土地、資金、勞力)及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是影響區(qū)域經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)鍵因素。本研究選擇黃河水土保持工程藉河水土保持示范區(qū)的典型流域柳溝流域和花牛鎮(zhèn)為研究對象,采用農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)分析法、靜偏離份額分析法及動偏離份額分析法,對治理期(2002~2011年)典型流域水土保持措施結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)及三種結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)方法的優(yōu)越性和局限性進行了分析;采用土地利用線性規(guī)劃優(yōu)化方案與治理后的土地利用情況做對比分析,取得以下主要結(jié)論:1、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化情況。(1)柳溝流域治理后土地利用面積呈現(xiàn)出農(nóng)地和荒地面積逐年減少,林地逐年增加趨勢,經(jīng)果林產(chǎn)業(yè)以葡萄類為主、增幅較快,其它經(jīng)果林增長穩(wěn)定,林草覆蓋率達到47.15%,發(fā)展模式為陽坡種植+自然降雨;(2)花牛鎮(zhèn)治理后土地利用面積呈現(xiàn)出農(nóng)地和其它用地面積逐年減少,經(jīng)果林、水保林、草地、水面面積逐年增加趨勢,經(jīng)果林產(chǎn)業(yè)以蘋果類為主、增幅較快,其它經(jīng)果林增長穩(wěn)定,林草覆蓋率達到51.41%,發(fā)展模式為陰坡種植+人工灌溉。2、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)。(1)柳溝流域治理前后總產(chǎn)值增長率達103.63%,總產(chǎn)值總增量中相對結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)占42.86%,技術(shù)效應(yīng)為57.14%,流域內(nèi)經(jīng)濟增長方式由投資推動走向技術(shù)拉動。柳溝流域總增長率及增量的貢獻均高于麥積區(qū)平均水平,增量主要來源于經(jīng)果林的增長,生產(chǎn)水平較高;同時反映出種植業(yè)與畜牧業(yè)的生產(chǎn)水平較低,具有較大的提升空間。(2)花牛鎮(zhèn)治理前后總產(chǎn)值增長率達162.58%�？偖a(chǎn)值總增量中相對結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)占25.76%,技術(shù)效應(yīng)為74.24%,經(jīng)濟增長主要靠技術(shù)拉動,結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的空間較大�；ㄅｆ�(zhèn)對麥積區(qū)總增長率及增量的貢獻低于麥積區(qū)平均水平,主要原因是種植業(yè)影響了花牛鎮(zhèn)的整體發(fā)展水平,但經(jīng)果林的競爭力高于麥積區(qū)平均水平,有較大的提升空間。3、土地利用合理性評價。根據(jù)線性規(guī)劃方法產(chǎn)生的兩種優(yōu)化方案,對柳溝流域土地利用情況合理性進行了分析評價,結(jié)果表明治理后水土保持措施面積介于以經(jīng)濟效益為主(方案a)和生態(tài)效益為主(方案b)措施面積之間,屬于社會經(jīng)濟環(huán)境效益綜合發(fā)展型。4、結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)分析法比較。農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)法著重于投入產(chǎn)出貢獻份額的分析,靜態(tài)偏離法只考慮基期和末期的對比,而動態(tài)偏離份額法著重于分析每個時間分段各區(qū)域、各產(chǎn)業(yè)部門對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響,同時靜態(tài)與動態(tài)偏離份額法不適用于面積較小的區(qū)域;三種分析方法相結(jié)合,可有效提高流域(區(qū)域)結(jié)構(gòu)合理性評價的完整性、科學(xué)性,為流域(區(qū)域)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Agricultural input-output structure (land, capital, labor) and industrial structure are the key factors affecting regional economic growth. In this study, the typical watershed of Liugou Basin and Huaniu Town of the Yellow River soil and Water Conservation Project were selected as the research objects, and the methods of structure effect of rural economy, static deviation share analysis and dynamic deviation share analysis were adopted. The structural effects of soil and water conservation measures and the advantages and limitations of three methods for soil and water conservation measures in typical watershed were analyzed in this paper, and a comparative analysis was made between the optimization scheme of land use linear programming and the land use after treatment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the change of land use structure.) after the management of Liugou watershed, the area of farmland and wasteland decreased year by year, the forest land increased year by year, and the fruit forest industry was mainly grape, the increase was faster. The growth of other fruit forests is stable, the coverage rate of forest and grass reaches 47.15, and the development pattern is to plant natural rainfall on sunny slope. The land use area of Huaniu Town has been decreasing year by year after the management of Huaniu Town, and decreased year by year through fruit forest, water conservation forest and grassland. The water surface area increases year by year, the fruit forest industry is dominated by apples, the increase is relatively fast, and the growth of other fruit forests is stable. Forest and grass coverage rate reached 51.41, the development pattern was shady slope planted artificial irrigation. 2, land use structure effect. 1) the total output value growth rate of Liugou watershed before and after treatment reached 103.63. The relative structure effect accounted for 42.86 percent of the total output value increment, the technical effect was 57.14 percent, and the flow effect. The mode of economic growth in the region is driven by investment towards technology. The contribution of the total growth rate and increment of Liugou watershed is higher than the average level of wheat accumulation area, and the increment mainly comes from the increase of fruit forest and the higher production level, which reflects the low production level of planting and animal husbandry. The gross output value of Huaniu Town was 162.58 before and after management. The relative structure effect accounts for 25.76% and the technical effect is 74.24% in the total increment of gross output value. The economic growth mainly depends on technology and the space for structural adjustment is large. The contribution of Huaniu Town to the total growth rate and increment of wheat accumulation area is lower than the average level of wheat accumulation area. The main reason is that the planting industry has affected the overall development level of Huaniu Town, but the competitiveness of fruit forest is higher than the average level of wheat accumulation area. There is a large promotion space. 3, land use rationality evaluation. According to two optimization schemes produced by linear programming method, the rationality of land use in Liugou watershed was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the area of soil and water conservation measures was between economic benefit (scheme a) and ecological benefit (plan b), which belonged to the comprehensive development type of social economic and environmental benefit. The structural effect analysis method was compared. The structural effect method of rural economy focuses on the analysis of the share of the input-output contribution, the static deviation method only considers the comparison between the base period and the end stage, while the dynamic deviation share method focuses on the analysis of each region in each time segment. At the same time, the static and dynamic deviation share method is not suitable for the small area, the combination of the three analysis methods can effectively improve the integrity and scientific nature of the rational evaluation of watershed (regional) structure. It provides theoretical basis for sustainable development of watershed (region).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157;F301.2

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