發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-27 01:44

  本文選題：耕地質(zhì)量 + 監(jiān)測(cè)��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地是保障經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與糧食安全的重要資源,耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)是保障耕地質(zhì)量的有效途徑。國家高度重視耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)工作,并在全國部署15個(gè)耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)試點(diǎn)工作,但各縣市仍在探索高效便捷的監(jiān)測(cè)方法,至今尚未形成完善具體的耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)的方法程序。在此背景下,對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)的方法進(jìn)行研究,具有重大的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。通過質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè),掌握耕地質(zhì)量的變化趨勢(shì),不僅是對(duì)已有工作成果的應(yīng)用和擴(kuò)展,同時(shí)對(duì)于耕地占補(bǔ)質(zhì)數(shù)平衡、保障我國糧食安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)的方法和理論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述。首先要確定耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū),耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)可劃分為耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)、耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)與耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)。突變區(qū)指的是由于自然災(zāi)害或人為改造活動(dòng)(項(xiàng)目建設(shè))導(dǎo)致耕地質(zhì)量存在顯著變化或潛在顯著變化區(qū)域,漸變區(qū)指的是縣域內(nèi)主要受自然環(huán)境因素和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策因素影響,質(zhì)量處于漸變狀態(tài)或存在漸變趨勢(shì)的耕地區(qū)域,相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)指的是區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)除去耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)與耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)以外的耕地區(qū)域。其次進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)布設(shè),根據(jù)代表性、綜合性、穩(wěn)定性和差別化的原則,在確定樣本容量的基礎(chǔ)上,采用網(wǎng)格法、半變異函數(shù)法、分區(qū)布點(diǎn)法進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的布設(shè),并對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)布設(shè)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和精度檢驗(yàn)。再次確定監(jiān)測(cè)周期,包括定期監(jiān)測(cè)、年度監(jiān)測(cè)和實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。最后進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果的分析,包括等別監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果分析、主要因素監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果分析和產(chǎn)能監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果分析。在方法和理論闡述的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以濟(jì)南市的魯西北平原區(qū)為例,進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)劃分與監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)布設(shè)的實(shí)證研究,并取得了如下成果:(1)利用土地利用變更數(shù)據(jù)、耕地分等成果、遙感影像圖、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)資料,采用空間分析、調(diào)查咨詢法等方法,將魯西北平原區(qū)耕地劃分為耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)、耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)、耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)。耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)7890公頃,其中濟(jì)陽縣耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)的面積為7592公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)的96.23%。從突變?cè)騺砜?由項(xiàng)目建設(shè)導(dǎo)致的耕地質(zhì)量突變7394公頃,占耕地突變區(qū)面積的93.72%,項(xiàng)目類型主要為高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、土地整理項(xiàng)目、增減掛鉤補(bǔ)充耕地項(xiàng)目。由建設(shè)占用導(dǎo)致的耕地質(zhì)量突變220公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)的2.79%。由農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整導(dǎo)致的耕地質(zhì)量突變276公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)的3.49%。耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)1033公頃,其中,耕地質(zhì)量逐漸提高的漸變類型類型為沙化減輕型與脫鹽脫堿型,沙化減輕型漸變區(qū)共360公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)的34.85%,主要分布在商河縣,天橋區(qū)與濟(jì)陽縣分布較少;脫鹽脫堿型漸變區(qū)共432公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)的41.74%,主要分布在商河縣與濟(jì)陽縣,天橋區(qū)有少量分布。耕地質(zhì)量逐漸降低漸變類型的為逐步干旱型,共242公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)的23.41%,主要分布在濟(jì)陽縣和商河縣。耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)147581公頃,并進(jìn)一步將耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)劃分為9個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)等指數(shù)—耕地利用類型分區(qū),一區(qū)(I區(qū)—旱地)620公頃,占耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū)耕地總面積的0.42%;二區(qū)(I區(qū)—水澆地)43671公頃,占29.59%;三區(qū)(I區(qū)—水田)1602公頃,占1.09%;四區(qū)(II區(qū)—旱地)530公頃,占0.36%;五區(qū)(II區(qū)—水澆地)67272公頃,占45.58%;六區(qū)(II區(qū)—水田)1010公頃,占0.68%;七區(qū)(III區(qū)—旱地)280公頃,占0.19%;八區(qū)(III區(qū)—水澆地)32455公頃,占21.99%;九區(qū)(III區(qū)—水田)141公頃,占0.10%。(2)首先用變異函數(shù)法確定步長為4000米,采用4000乘4000的網(wǎng)格在全域內(nèi)均勻布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),并將監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為監(jiān)測(cè)單元。其次對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)單元布設(shè)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量漸變區(qū)、耕地質(zhì)量突變區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)單元進(jìn)行增密處理,確保監(jiān)測(cè)單元覆蓋性良好,對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定區(qū),按照分區(qū)面積比例法對(duì)各經(jīng)濟(jì)等指數(shù)—利用類型監(jiān)測(cè)單元進(jìn)行微調(diào)。最后對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)單元布局進(jìn)行了精度檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明監(jiān)測(cè)單元的選擇與布局較為合理。魯西北平原區(qū)共布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元187個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元面積共2043公頃。分行政區(qū)來看,商河縣布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元80個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積724.01公頃。濟(jì)陽縣布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元90個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積1082公頃。天橋區(qū)布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)17個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積237公頃;分地類來看,水田共布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元5個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積45.55公頃。水澆地共布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元178個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積1883.11公頃。旱地共布設(shè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元4個(gè),監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積114.31公頃;分耕地等別來看,6等地布設(shè)18個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積182.60公頃。7等地布設(shè)57個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積628.50公頃。8等地布設(shè)65個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積840.21公頃。9等地布設(shè)44個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積375.90公頃。10等地布設(shè)3個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,監(jiān)測(cè)單元總面積15.76公頃。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is an important resource to guarantee economic development and grain security. The quality monitoring of cultivated land is an effective way to guarantee the quality of cultivated land. The state attaches great importance to the quality monitoring of cultivated land, and deploys 15 pilot projects in the whole country, but the counties and cities are still exploring efficient and agile monitoring methods. In this context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the methods of monitoring the quality of cultivated land. Through quality monitoring, the change trend of cultivated land quality is mastered, not only the application and expansion of the existing work results, but also the balance of the quantity of cultivated land, and the security of grain in China. The sustainable development of the economy is of great significance. In this paper, the methods and theories of the quality monitoring of cultivated land are elaborated in detail. First of all, the quality monitoring area of cultivated land should be determined. The cultivated land quality monitoring area can be divided into the cultivated land quality mutation area, the cultivated land quality gradient area and the cultivated land quality relatively stable area. The catastrophe zone refers to the natural disaster or artificial change. The production activity (project construction) leads to a significant change or potential significant change in the quality of cultivated land. The gradient area refers to the area of cultivated land which is mainly affected by natural environmental factors and macroeconomic policy factors, the quality is in the gradual changing state or the trend of gradual change, and the relative stabilization area refers to the removal of the quality gradient of the cultivated land within the regional range. On the basis of representative, comprehensive, stability and differentiation, grid method, semi variable function method and zoning distribution method are used to arrange monitoring points on the basis of the principle of representative, comprehensive, stability and differentiation, and the layout of monitoring points is optimized and the accuracy test is tested. Determine the monitoring cycle, including regular monitoring, annual monitoring and real-time monitoring. Finally, the analysis of monitoring results, including analysis of the results of other monitoring, analysis of main factors monitoring results and production monitoring results. Based on the method and theory, this paper takes the northwest plain of Ji'nan as an example. The results are as follows: (1) using land use change data, arable land classification results, remote sensing images, project construction data, spatial analysis, investigation and consulting methods, the cultivated land in the northwest plain area is divided into the mutation area of cultivated geology, the cultivated land quality gradient area, the cultivated land quality relatively stable area. The land quality mutation area is 7890 hectares, of which the area of the cultivated land quality mutation area in Jiyang county is 7592 hectares, which accounts for the mutation cause of the cultivated land quality mutation area. The change of cultivated land quality is 7394 hectares, accounting for 93.72% of the cultivated land area in the cultivated land, which is mainly the high standard basic farmland construction project and the land consolidation. 220 ha of cultivated land caused by construction occupation, 220 hectares of cultivated land quality mutation area, 276 ha of cultivated land quality mutation caused by agricultural structure adjustment, 1033 ha of 3.49%. cultivated land quality gradient area in cultivated land quality mutation area, among which the gradual type of cultivated land quality gradually increased For desertification reduction type and desalination and desalination type, the desertification reducing type gradient area is 360 hectares, accounting for 34.85% of the cultivated land quality gradient area, mainly distributed in Shanghe County, Tianqiao area and Jiyang county. The desalination and alkali free gradient area is 432 hectares, accounting for 41.74% of the cultivated land quality gradient area. The main distribution is in Shanghe county and Jiyang County, and the Tianqiao area has a small amount of distribution. The quality of cultivated land gradually reduced to gradually droughts, a total of 242 hectares, which accounted for 23.41% of the cultivated land quality gradual change zone, mainly in Jiyang and Shanghe counties. The cultivated land quality was relatively stable in 147581 hectares, and the relative stable area of cultivated land was divided into 9 economic indices - cultivated land use type zoning, one area (I area - drought). Land) 620 hectares, accounting for 0.42% of the total area of cultivated land in the relatively stable area of cultivated land; 43671 hectares (I area - water land) 43671 hectares, 29.59%; three area (area - paddy field) 1602 hectares, 1.09%; four district (II area - dry land) 530 hectares, 0.36%; five districts (II area - water land) 67272 ha, occupy 45.58%; II zone (Region - paddy field) hectares (III zone) - dry land) 280 hectares, accounting for 0.19%; eight area (III area - water land) 32455 hectares, 21.99%; nine area (III area - paddy) 141 hectares, 0.10%. (2) first determined by the variation function method, the step length is 4000 meters, the monitoring points are uniformly distributed in the whole domain by the 4000 multiplying 4000 grid, and the monitoring points are converted to monitoring units. Secondly, the monitoring unit is set up. In order to improve the density gradient area of cultivated land and the monitoring unit of the cultivated land quality mutation area, the monitoring unit is covered well, and the relative stable area of the cultivated land is relatively stable. In accordance with the area proportion method, the monitoring unit of each economic index and utilization type is fine tuned. Finally, the accuracy of the layout of the monitoring unit is tested. The results show that the monitoring unit is accurate. The selection and layout of the monitoring unit is more reasonable. There are 187 monitoring units in the northwest plain of Shandong Province, with a total area of 2043 hectares. According to the administrative area, 80 monitoring units are set up in Shanghe County, and the total area of the monitoring unit is 724.01 hectares. In Jiyang County, 90 monitoring units are set up, and the total area of monitoring units is 1082 hectares. The monitoring points are set up in the Tianqiao District. The monitoring points are set up in the Tianqiao District. The total area of the monitoring unit is 237 hectares, and the total area of the monitoring unit is 5. The total area of the monitoring unit is 45.55 hectares. The total area of the monitoring unit is 45.55 hectares. The total area of the monitoring unit is 178. The total area of the monitoring unit is 1883.11 hectares. The total area of the monitoring unit is 4, the total area of the monitoring unit is 114.31 hectares. In the other parts of the farmland, 18 monitoring units are set up in 6 and other places. The total area of the monitoring unit is 182.60 hectares of.7, and 57 monitoring units are set up. The total area of the monitoring unit is 628.50 hectares of.8, and 65 monitoring units are set up. The total area of the monitoring unit is 840.21 hectares of.9 and 44 monitoring units. The total area of the monitoring unit is 375.90 hectares of.10, and 3 monitoring units are set up. The total area of the monitoring unit is 15.76. Now.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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