本文選題：遙感數(shù)據(jù) + 聚類分析　； 參考：《河南師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作物種植受多種因素影響,包括種植情況,區(qū)域情況,社會因素影響等等,如何能夠快速精準的評價作物種植的適宜性是農(nóng)業(yè)領域的一個新的研究熱點。如何獲取農(nóng)田作物信息,遙感技術是一種重要的方法手段,通過使用遙感技術可以快速、清晰地了解農(nóng)作物的種植和生長狀況,并且能夠及時的獲取土壤狀態(tài)和農(nóng)作物生長狀態(tài)在時間以及空間上所存在的差異性。而且隨著遙感技術及信息處理能力的增強,通過遙感技術能夠獲取的田間信息更多,更快,也更精準。操縱容易、成本較低、可靠安全是遙感技術的優(yōu)點。本文究的目的是以河南省永城市為研究對象,依托遙感數(shù)據(jù)對作物種植進行經(jīng)濟性評價,并對該區(qū)域的作物種植提出了參考性建議,這在永城市的作物種植經(jīng)濟適宜性評價中尚屬首例。主要結論如下:(1)根據(jù)永城市的作物收益及種植情況,并結合作物的生長需要,以及當?shù)氐淖稍兦闆r,最終我們選取自然因素包括地理氣候,土壤條件,環(huán)境因素,社會因素包括基礎設施,土壤污染等以及其它因素包括自然災害,病蟲害等作為作物經(jīng)濟適宜性的評價指標。(2)基于地面非成像高光譜數(shù)據(jù)、星載多光譜影像數(shù)據(jù),綜合運用高光譜遙感技術、信息提取技術、統(tǒng)計分析技術以及參數(shù)成圖技術,系統(tǒng)分析不同作物生長環(huán)境、不同生育期、不同生長狀況反射特征及其與環(huán)境因素、土壤條件、社會經(jīng)濟因素的相關性,通過聚類分析,層次分析,并結合近幾年永城市的作物種植狀況和經(jīng)濟收益,構建作物經(jīng)濟適宜性的評價模型。(3)永城市一直以來都是以種植小麥—玉米輪作方式為主要的種植方式,其面積總共占耕地的57.3%,其次是小麥—花生耕地總面積的23.4%,本研究通過遙感技術分別對小麥—玉米,小麥—花生,小麥—大豆這三種種植方式進行了種植經(jīng)濟性評價,結果認為小麥—大豆,小麥—花生的輪作種植方式收益要高于小麥—玉米輪作方式,可以根據(jù)人力資源情況適當推廣。(4)通過對永城市網(wǎng)格化處理,選取了7個代表鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),對收集到的數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,確定各區(qū)域間單元素差異較大,也是影響收益的重要因素,因此選取改善土壤,增加土壤氮元素儲量的作物種植是增加土地收益的一個重要因素。從衛(wèi)星影像獲取永城市的作物種植環(huán)境情況,對不同物體吸收峰不同的影像處理后發(fā)現(xiàn),永城市的作物種植呈現(xiàn)塊狀,網(wǎng)格狀,且密度大,較集中,非常適合大規(guī)模機械化作業(yè),對以后作物種植規(guī)�；�,機械化和集約化提供了參考依據(jù)。最終,基于遙感技術調查研究了永城市常規(guī)的三種種植模式的生產(chǎn)情況,葉綠素吸收峰能夠直觀的反饋作物的生長情況,通過對著三種種植方式的葉綠素的含量進行分析后驗證了小麥—大豆作物經(jīng)濟適宜性更強,相比而言,收益更高。
[Abstract]:Crop planting is affected by many factors, including planting situation, regional situation, social factors and so on. How to evaluate the suitability of crop planting quickly and accurately is a new research hotspot in the field of agriculture. Remote sensing is an important method and means to obtain crop information in farmland. By using remote sensing technology, the cultivation and growth of crops can be quickly and clearly understood. And it can get the difference in time and space between soil state and crop growth state in time. With the enhancement of remote sensing technology and information processing ability, more field information can be obtained through remote sensing technology. Easy manipulation, low cost and reliable safety are the advantages of remote sensing technology. The purpose of this paper is to take Yongcheng City, Henan Province as the research object, to evaluate the economy of crop planting based on remote sensing data, and to put forward some reference suggestions for crop planting in this area. This is the first case of economic suitability evaluation of crop cultivation in Yongcheng City. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the crop income and planting situation in Yongcheng City, combined with crop growth needs and local consultation, we finally selected natural factors including geographical climate, soil conditions, and environmental factors. Social factors include infrastructure, soil pollution, and other factors such as natural disasters, pests and diseases as indicators for evaluating crop economic suitability) based on ground-based non-imaging hyperspectral data and spaceborne multispectral image data. By using hyperspectral remote sensing technology, information extraction technology, statistical analysis technique and parameter mapping technique, the reflection characteristics of different crop growth environments, different growth stages, different growth conditions and environmental factors, soil conditions were systematically analyzed. The correlation of social and economic factors, through cluster analysis, hierarchical analysis, and combining with Yongcheng crop planting situation and economic benefits in recent years, To construct the evaluation model of crop economic suitability Yongcheng has always been planting wheat-maize rotation as the main planting method. The total area occupied 57.3% of the cultivated land, followed by 23.4% of the total wheat-peanut cultivated area. In this study, the economic efficiency of the three planting methods of wheat-corn, wheat-peanut and wheat-soybean were evaluated by remote sensing technology, respectively. The results showed that the income of wheat-soybean, wheat-peanut rotation was higher than that of wheat-maize rotation. By processing the collected data, it is determined that the difference of single element among regions is great, which is also an important factor affecting the income. Therefore, the selection of crop planting to improve soil and increase soil nitrogen storage is an important factor to increase land income. The crop planting environment in Yongcheng city was obtained from satellite images. After processing different images with different absorption peaks, it was found that crop planting in Yongcheng city was massive, grid, dense and concentrated. It is very suitable for large-scale mechanization, and provides reference for crop planting scale, mechanization and intensification. Finally, based on the investigation of remote sensing technology, the production of three conventional planting patterns in Yongcheng City was investigated. The chlorophyll absorption peak can directly feedback the growth of crops. Through the analysis of chlorophyll content of three planting methods, it was proved that the economic suitability of wheat-soybean crops was stronger, and the yield was higher.
【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S127

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