本文選題：灰潮土 + 食細(xì)菌線蟲　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤線蟲是土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中極為豐富的后生動物,也是土壤動物中重要的功能類群,它們在各種生境的土壤中分布都很廣泛,數(shù)量多達(dá)7.6×105-9.2×106條/m2。因農(nóng)田食物環(huán)境更有利于食細(xì)菌線蟲的生長發(fā)育,食細(xì)菌線蟲在農(nóng)田土壤中的重要性顯得更為突出。選擇性取食是動物普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,食細(xì)菌線蟲選擇性取食土壤細(xì)菌不但會改變土壤微生物數(shù)量、活性和群落結(jié)構(gòu),還會直接影響線蟲的生存適應(yīng)性及健康。本研究以模式線蟲秀麗隱桿線蟲(Caenorhabditis elegans)、兩株土著優(yōu)勢食細(xì)菌線蟲擬麗突屬線蟲(Acrobeloidessp.)及中桿屬線蟲(Mesorhabditissp.)和五株細(xì)菌(解淀粉芽抱桿菌(S.amyloliquefaciens)、貪噬菌(Variovorax sp.)、巨大芽抱桿菌(B.megaterium)、熒光假單胞菌(P.fluorescens)和大腸桿菌OP50(E.coli))為材料,研究了食細(xì)菌線蟲對五株細(xì)菌的活菌體、滅活菌體及細(xì)菌分泌物的取食行為,同時還研究了食細(xì)菌線蟲對不同濃度細(xì)菌的取食行為。取食偏好試驗在線蟲培養(yǎng)基上進(jìn)行,并于接種線蟲后的1、2、4、8、12、24h后觀察記錄線蟲的遷移數(shù)量,研究食細(xì)菌線蟲對土壤中不同細(xì)菌的取食行為。本試驗從細(xì)菌的總糖、蛋白質(zhì)、體積大小、揮發(fā)性代謝產(chǎn)物等方面出發(fā),對食細(xì)菌線蟲對不同細(xì)菌取食偏好性的機制進(jìn)行了初步研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下:本試驗從南京市長江南岸的灰潮土中篩選出兩株土著優(yōu)勢食細(xì)菌線蟲和一株優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌,經(jīng)過初步鑒定兩株食細(xì)菌線蟲分別是擬麗突屬線蟲和中桿屬線蟲,一株優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌為熒光假單胞菌。食細(xì)菌線蟲對不同的細(xì)菌具有取食偏好性,三種食細(xì)菌線蟲均偏好取食P.fluorescens細(xì)菌,不偏好S.amyloliquefaciens和S.megaterium這兩株細(xì)菌。相對于革蘭氏陽性細(xì)菌,食細(xì)菌線蟲更加偏好取食革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌。通過食細(xì)菌線蟲對活菌體、滅活菌體以及菌體分泌物的取食比較,試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)秀麗隱桿線蟲對活菌體和滅活菌體的取食偏好不完全一致,對細(xì)菌分泌物的取食沒有偏好性;擬麗突屬線蟲對活菌體和滅活菌體具有相似的取食偏好性,而對細(xì)菌分泌物的取食沒有偏好性;中桿屬線蟲對活菌體和滅活菌體的取食偏好不完全一致,中桿屬線蟲對細(xì)菌分泌物的取食有偏好性,并且取食偏好順序和對活菌的偏好順序一致。細(xì)菌分泌物對秀麗隱桿線蟲和擬麗突屬線蟲的取食偏好沒有影響,而對中桿屬線蟲的取食偏好有影響。通過研究食細(xì)菌線蟲對不同濃度的細(xì)菌的取食偏好,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)食細(xì)菌線蟲偏好取食高濃度的細(xì)菌,并且喜歡聚集在高濃度的細(xì)菌上。通過對五株細(xì)菌的大小、含水量、總糖以及總蛋白質(zhì)的測定,試驗結(jié)果表明食細(xì)菌線蟲對不同細(xì)菌的取食偏好與細(xì)菌的總糖和總蛋白質(zhì)沒有相關(guān)性,而與細(xì)菌的大小和細(xì)菌的含水量有一定的相關(guān)性,食細(xì)菌線蟲偏好取食體積比較小及含水量比較高的細(xì)菌。通過對細(xì)菌的脂肪酸和揮發(fā)性代謝產(chǎn)物的測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)食細(xì)菌線蟲偏好取食的P fluorescens和E.coli在組成上比較接近,食細(xì)菌線蟲不偏好的Variovorax sp.、B.megateriu、B.amyloliquefaciens在組成比較接近。食細(xì)菌線蟲對取食細(xì)菌的偏好性的機制還需進(jìn)一步深入的研究。
[Abstract]:Soil nematode, a very rich metazoan in the soil ecosystem, is also an important functional group in soil animals. They are widely distributed in various habitats, with a number of as many as 7.6 x 105-9.2 x 106 /m2., which are more conducive to the growth of bacteria eating nematodes, and the weight of bacteria eating nematodes in farmland soil. The selective feeding is a common phenomenon in animals. The selective feeding of bacteria by bacteria eating nematodes will not only change the number of soil microorganisms, the activity and community structure, but also directly affect the survival adaptability and health of the nematodes. This study is based on the Caenorhabditis elegans of model nematode, two strains of nematode nematode The indigenous predominance of Acrobeloidessp. and Mesorhabditissp. and five strains of bacteria (S.amyloliquefaciens, Variovorax sp., B.megaterium), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.fluorescens) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) were used as materials. The feeding behavior of the living bacteria, inactivating mycelia and bacterial secretions of five strains of bacteria, and the feeding behavior of bacterial nematodes to bacteria of different concentrations was also studied. The feeding preference test was carried out on the online insect medium, and the number of nematode migration was observed after 1,2,4,8,12,24h after inoculation, and the nematode eating nematodes was studied. The feeding behavior of different bacteria in the soil was studied in this experiment. From the total sugar, protein, volume and volatile metabolites of bacteria, the mechanism of the feeding deviation of bacterial nematodes for different bacteria was preliminarily studied. The main results were as follows: two strains of soil were screened from the soot soil in the South Bank of the Yangtze River in Nanjing. The dominant bacteria eating nematodes and one of the dominant bacteria were preliminarily identified as two bacterial nematodes, Pseudomonas nematodes and middle genus nematode, and one of the dominant bacteria was Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bacteria eating nematodes were feeding preference to different bacteria. Three species of bacterial nematodes preferred to eat P.fluorescens bacteria and did not prefer S.amylol Iquefaciens and S.megaterium were two bacteria. Compared with Gram-positive bacteria, bacterial nematode was more preferred to eat Gram-negative bacteria. The feeding preference of Caenorhabditis elegans to living and inactivated bacteria was not completely consistent by comparing the feeding of living bacteria, inactivated mycelia and mycelium secretion by the bacterial nematode. There is no preference for the feeding of bacterial secretions; the nematode has a similar feeding preference to living and inactivated bacteria, but no preference for the feeding of bacterial secretions; the feeding preference of the nematode to the living and inactivated mycelia is not exactly the same, and the nematode of the genus nematode has a preference for the feeding of bacterial secretions. The order of feeding preference and the order of preference for living bacteria are consistent. Bacterial secretions have no effect on the feeding preference of Caenorhabditis elegans and P. elegans, but have an influence on the feeding preference of the nematode. By studying the feeding preference of bacterial nematode to different concentrations of bacteria, we found that the high concentration of the bacteria eating nematodes preference is high. The test results showed that the feeding preference of bacterial nematodes to different bacteria was not related to the total sugar and total protein of bacteria, but with the size of bacteria and the water content of bacteria in a certain phase, by measuring the size, water content, total sugar and total protein of five strains of bacteria. By the determination of the fatty acid and volatile metabolites of bacteria, it was found that the composition of P fluorescens and E.coli for eating bacterial nematode preference was close to that of Variovorax sp., B.megateriu, B.amyloliquefaciens, which were not preferred by bacterial nematodes. The mechanism of bacterial preference for bacterial feeding needs further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.386

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