本文選題：有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)氮肥配施 + 菜地土壤　； 參考：《華北農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年04期

【摘要】：為了比較不同種類有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)氮(N)肥配施后典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的差異,揭示施用有機(jī)物料后微生物在調(diào)節(jié)土壤肥力中的作用,以豬糞、沼渣沼液和豬糞堆肥為供試材料,采用田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),設(shè)置不施肥(CK)、不施N肥(PK)、純施化肥(NPK)、有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)肥配施1(20%豬糞N+80%化肥N,NPKM1)、有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)肥配施2(20%沼渣沼液N+80%化肥N,NPKM2)和有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)肥配施3(20%豬糞堆肥N+80%化肥N,NPKM3)等6種施肥模式,連續(xù)3年(2011-2013年)研究不同有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)N肥配施對(duì)典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的影響。結(jié)果表明:小白菜季和萵苣季生育期間土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量呈上升趨勢(shì),土壤真菌、放線菌數(shù)量呈先升后降趨勢(shì),且栽培后季較前季高。與NPK處理相比,NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3處理土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量提高2.27%~26.16%(小白菜季),15.06%~40.82%(萵苣季);真菌數(shù)量提高33.62%~47.10%(小白菜季),39.64%~52.27%(萵苣季);放線菌數(shù)量提高6.59%~38.21%(小白菜季),20.97%~29.66%(萵苣季)。有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)N肥配施可以促進(jìn)菜地土壤微生物大量繁殖。與NPK處理相比,NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3處理提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、過(guò)氧化氫酶、纖維素酶的活性。有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)N肥配施可以促進(jìn)菜地土壤酶活性的提高。各處理蔬菜產(chǎn)量分別為6.73~22.50 t/hm2(小白菜),21.54~47.79 t/hm2(萵苣),大小均表現(xiàn)為NPKM3NPKM1NPKM2NPKPKCK。相關(guān)分析表明,小白菜和萵苣產(chǎn)量與土壤微生物數(shù)量和酶活性之間均存在密切關(guān)系�？傊�,有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)N肥配施可以有效提高土壤中微生物數(shù)量和酶活性,維持菜地較高的土壤肥力,有利于蔬菜種植的可持續(xù)和高效生產(chǎn),以豬糞堆肥配施效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to compare the differences of soil microbial and enzyme activities between different organic-inorganic N N fertilizers and typical vegetable fields, and to reveal the role of microbes in regulating soil fertility after the application of organic materials, pig manure was used in this study. Biogas sludge and pig manure compost were used as test materials. Six fertilization models were set up, such as no fertilizer application, no N fertilizer, pure fertilizer NPK, organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with 120% pig manure N 80% fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with N 80% biogas sludge N 80% chemical fertilizer NNPKM2) and organic inorganic fertilizer combined with 320% pig manure compost N 80% fertilizer NPKM3). The effects of different organic and inorganic N fertilizers on soil microorganism and enzyme activity in typical vegetable fields were studied. The results showed that the number of soil bacteria increased during the growing period of pakchoi and lettuce, the number of soil fungi and actinomycetes increased first and then decreased, and the cultivation season was higher than that of the previous season. Compared with NPK treatment, the number of bacteria in soil treated with NPK was increased by 2.27KM1 / NPKM2 / NPKM3, and the number of bacteria in soil was increased by 2.270.16 (Cabbage, 15.066.06) and 40.82 (Rhizoma lettuce); the number of fungi was increased by 33.622and 47.1010 (Chinese Cabbage, 39.644.64, lettuce), actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21, and the number of actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21 (B.campestris, 20.970.97m 29.66), the number of fungi was increased by 33.622.102.27, and the number of actinomycetes was increased by 6.599.21. Combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer can promote the propagation of microorganisms in vegetable soil. Compared with NPK treatment, the activity of urease, phosphatase, catalase and cellulase were increased by NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3 treatment. Combined application of organic and inorganic N fertilizer could promote the increase of enzyme activity in vegetable soil. The vegetable yield of each treatment was 6.73 ~ 22.50 t / hm ~ (2) (Chinese cabbage 21.54 ~ 47.79 t / hm ~ (2) (Lactuca sativum L.), the size of lettuce was NPKM3NPKM1NPKM2NPKPKCK. Correlation analysis showed that the yield of pakchoi and lettuce was closely related to soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity. In a word, organic and inorganic N fertilizer can effectively increase the amount of microorganism and enzyme activity in soil, maintain high soil fertility in vegetable field, which is beneficial to the sustainable and efficient production of vegetable planting, and the best effect is the combination of pig manure compost.
【作者單位】： 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;長(zhǎng)沙環(huán)境保護(hù)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院;浙江大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAC09B01) 湖南省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016NK2112) 湖南省高校創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)開(kāi)放基金項(xiàng)目(14K048)
【分類號(hào)】：S154;S63

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