本文選題：網(wǎng)紋紅土 + 第四紀(jì)　； 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：網(wǎng)紋紅土是發(fā)育在我國南方的獨(dú)特地層,廣泛的存在于紅土風(fēng)化殼中,因紅色粘土層內(nèi)含有網(wǎng)紋狀、管狀、蠕蟲狀淺色(白色,黃白色等)斑點(diǎn)(reticulated mottles)而得名。關(guān)于這套地層,前人在其物質(zhì)組成,分布規(guī)律,土體形態(tài),時代及其環(huán)境意義等方面做了大量工作,研究成果眾多。但是仍存在以下懸而未決的問題:1)對網(wǎng)紋紅土中網(wǎng)紋的形成原因和發(fā)育機(jī)制,尚不能全面系統(tǒng)的闡述。即對網(wǎng)紋紅土的驅(qū)動機(jī)制及其發(fā)育過程還存在爭議。2)對網(wǎng)紋的持續(xù)發(fā)育,沒有清晰的認(rèn)識,從而對網(wǎng)紋紅土的氣候環(huán)境的指示意義,尚不明確。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合多次野外實(shí)地勘探,選擇長江中下游沿岸岳陽港口大道(YY)、黃石西塞山(XXS)、九江王家竹林(JSW)以及彭澤土塘(TT)四個地點(diǎn)的不同發(fā)育程度的十個網(wǎng)紋紅土樣品,將其淺色網(wǎng)紋與紅色基質(zhì)分離后,分別進(jìn)行粒度、常量元素、微量元素、含水量、pH值、Eh值測試及游離鐵、Fe3+/Fe2+值等測試。結(jié)果表明:網(wǎng)紋紅土中,孔隙及其造成的含水量的差異性分布可能是網(wǎng)紋紅土最初形成的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動機(jī)制。在粘土質(zhì)地的網(wǎng)紋紅土中,相對于基質(zhì)部分,網(wǎng)紋部分的細(xì)粘土顆粒少,含水量高,pH(4.96-5.73)、Eh(297-338mv)都較低,說明網(wǎng)紋處于酸性還原環(huán)境中。而基質(zhì),因鐵質(zhì)膠膜的發(fā)育,填充了孔隙,含水量變低,處在偏氧化環(huán)境中(335-384mv),pH(5.82-6.31)接近中性。酸性偏還原環(huán)境,使得Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr、V、Ti等過渡金屬元素在網(wǎng)紋中被強(qiáng)烈淋溶,在基質(zhì)中,這些高場強(qiáng)元素強(qiáng)烈富集,鐵質(zhì)膠膜發(fā)育。這使二氧化硅、Zr等穩(wěn)定礦物或元素在網(wǎng)紋中相對富集。由于鐵質(zhì)膠膜在基質(zhì)中的發(fā)育和網(wǎng)紋部分細(xì)粘質(zhì)性顆粒的減少,基質(zhì)中孔隙率減小,而網(wǎng)紋中孔隙率增加。進(jìn)而擴(kuò)大了網(wǎng)紋與基質(zhì)之間的含水量差異,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)元素物質(zhì)在網(wǎng)紋中的淋溶遷移和在基質(zhì)中的沉淀積累。這是一個正反饋過程,只要土體反復(fù)干濕交替,網(wǎng)紋在一定的時間內(nèi),氣候排水量不為零,這個過程就能促進(jìn)元素物質(zhì)在網(wǎng)紋中淋溶遷移,在基質(zhì)中沉淀積累,從而促進(jìn)網(wǎng)紋不斷發(fā)育,網(wǎng)紋的成熟度也就會越高。隨著基質(zhì)中以Fe為主的過渡金屬元素的富集,基質(zhì)的顏色不斷變深;網(wǎng)紋則由于Fe元素的流失和穩(wěn)定元素的富集,顏色越淺,從而使網(wǎng)紋與基質(zhì)色度差增大。而色度差異越大,說明上述物質(zhì)淋溶與淀積過程進(jìn)行的也就越充分,網(wǎng)紋也就越發(fā)育,網(wǎng)紋成熟度也越高。網(wǎng)紋成熟度,可用網(wǎng)紋與基質(zhì)的色度差異表示(△E=[(△a)2+(△b)2+(△L)2]1/2)。研究認(rèn)為,干濕交替的土體環(huán)境和溫暖濕潤的氣候環(huán)境,是網(wǎng)紋化過程的外在環(huán)境驅(qū)動機(jī)制。研究進(jìn)一步分析了中國南方大量網(wǎng)紋紅土地層的時代后,認(rèn)為亞熱帶季風(fēng)區(qū)干濕交替的季風(fēng)氣候特點(diǎn),是中國南方網(wǎng)紋紅土在早更新世晚期產(chǎn)生并持續(xù)發(fā)育的氣候環(huán)境條件。網(wǎng)紋紅土是古土壤,并且是正在形成的古土壤。在季風(fēng)區(qū),網(wǎng)紋的形成與發(fā)育是個普遍的土壤環(huán)境現(xiàn)象,網(wǎng)紋是土壤新生體。本研究從機(jī)理上,回答了網(wǎng)紋紅土形成的成因機(jī)制和外部環(huán)境條件,解釋了以前未能解決的網(wǎng)紋紅土的眾多現(xiàn)象與特點(diǎn)。為基于網(wǎng)紋紅土的中國南方第四紀(jì)研究,提供了新的思路和方法,具有較為重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義。
[Abstract]:Reticulated red soil is a unique stratum developed in the south of China. It is widely found in the weathered crust of the red soil. It is named after the reticulated, tubular, vermicular light color (white, yellow white) spots in the red clay layer (reticulated mottles). A great deal of work has been done in the fields of righteousness, but there are still many outstanding achievements. However, there are still unresolved questions: 1) the reasons for the formation and development mechanism of the net pattern in the reticulated red soil can not be fully systematically expounded. That is, the driving mechanism and the development process of the reticulated red soil are still in dispute.2), and there is no clear understanding of the continuous development of the reticulated reticulated soil. It is not clear that the climatic environment of the reticulated red soil is not clear. On the basis of previous studies, this paper selects ten reticulated red lines in four locations of Yueyang port Avenue (YY) along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, XXS, Jiujiang's Wangjia bamboo forest (JSW) and Pengze soil pond (TT) on the basis of previous studies. The soil sample, after separating the light color mesh with the red matrix, carries out the particle size, the constant element, the trace element, the water content, the pH value, the Eh value test, the free iron and the Fe3+/Fe2+ value. The results show that the difference distribution of the pore and the water content in the reticulated red soil may be the internal driving mechanism of the original formation of the reticulated red soil. In the reticulated red soil of the earth, the fine clay particles in the reticulated part are less, the water content is high, pH (4.96-5.73) and Eh (297-338mv) are low, indicating that the mesh is in the acid reduction environment. The matrix, due to the development of the iron glue film, fills the pores, the water content is low, in the partial oxidation environment (335-384mv), and pH (5.82-6.31) close to the medium. The acid partial reduction environment makes the transition metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Ti are strongly leached in the mesh. In the matrix, these high field elements are enriched and the iron film develops. This makes the stable minerals and elements of silicon dioxide, Zr and other elements relatively rich in the mesh. Due to the development of the iron colloid in the matrix and the mesh part of the fine clay The decrease of sex particles, the decrease in porosity in the matrix and the increase of porosity in the mesh, and further increase the water content difference between the mesh and the matrix, further promote the leaching and migration of elements in the mesh and the accumulation of precipitation in the matrix. This is a positive feedback process, as long as the soil is repeatedly dry and wet alternately, the mesh is in a certain time, The amount of water in the climate is not zero. This process can promote the leaching and migration of elements in the mesh, precipitate and accumulate in the matrix, thus promote the growth of the mesh and the higher the maturity of the mesh. With the enrichment of the transition metal elements with Fe as the main element in the matrix, the color of the matrix is deepened, and the net pattern is due to the loss and stability of the Fe element. The enrichment of the fixed elements, the lighter the color, and the difference in the chromaticity between the mesh and the matrix. The greater the chromaticity difference, the more fully the leach and deposition process of the above material, the more mature the reticle and the higher the ripening of the mesh. The mesh maturity can be expressed by the difference of the chromaticity between the mesh and the matrix (delta E=[(Delta a) 2+ (delta b) 2+ (delta L) 2]1/2). It is considered that the alternation of dry and wet soil environment and the warm and humid climate environment are the external environment driving mechanism of the reticulated process. After the further analysis of the time of the large number of reticulated red soil strata in southern China, it is considered that the dry and wet monsoon climate in the subtropical monsoon region is produced in the late Early Pleistocene. The reticulated red soil is the paleosol and it is an ancient soil formed. In the monsoon area, the formation and development of the net pattern is a universal soil environment phenomenon, and the mesh is a new soil new body. This study answered the mechanism of the formation of the reticulated red soil and the external environment conditions, and explained the previous failure. Many phenomena and characteristics of reticulated red soil can be solved. It provides new ideas and methods for the Quaternary study in southern China based on reticulated red soil, which has more important practical significance and theoretical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151

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