本文選題：木質(zhì)素 + 粘結(jié)劑　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)大國(guó),每年大量的農(nóng)作物秸稈等得不到有效處理,加劇環(huán)境污染。秸稈的性質(zhì)更適合資源化利用—還田處理。生物質(zhì)炭能夠改善土壤的性質(zhì),能夠長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)存,作為長(zhǎng)效的土壤改良劑具有良好前景。目前熱解技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的生物質(zhì)炭多為粉末狀,給運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)藏和施用等帶來(lái)不便。成型對(duì)生物質(zhì)炭的利用尤為必要,本文以木質(zhì)素為粘結(jié)劑,分別制備了柱狀生物質(zhì)炭基尿素和生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素,研究其工藝條件,并對(duì)得到的生物質(zhì)炭肥料進(jìn)行了力學(xué)、緩釋性質(zhì)的測(cè)定,具體工作如下:(1)對(duì)木質(zhì)素進(jìn)行工業(yè)分析、元素分析及熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)的測(cè)定,并對(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)不同溶劑改性后的木質(zhì)素進(jìn)行表征分析、紅外光譜分析及差熱分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過(guò)不同溶劑處理后的木質(zhì)素分子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變;同時(shí)研究了木質(zhì)素含量、加熱溫度和尿素含量對(duì)不同溶劑條件下的溶液體系黏度的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)溶劑不同,各因素對(duì)溶液體系黏度的影響也不同。(2)用熱壓成型的方式制備了柱狀生物質(zhì)炭基尿素,選擇質(zhì)量比1:1的生物質(zhì)炭和尿素配比進(jìn)行研究,討論粘結(jié)劑的含量、成型溫度、成型壓強(qiáng)等因素對(duì)生物質(zhì)炭基尿素力學(xué)與緩釋性能的影響,結(jié)果表明粘結(jié)劑的加入能夠防止生物質(zhì)炭基尿素表面爆裂,且能增強(qiáng)力學(xué)與緩釋性能;生物質(zhì)炭基尿素力學(xué)及緩釋性能隨著木質(zhì)素添加量及成型壓力增加呈增強(qiáng)趨勢(shì),隨著成型溫度增加呈現(xiàn)先增強(qiáng)后減弱趨勢(shì),成型溫度為70℃時(shí)性能最優(yōu);同時(shí)生物質(zhì)炭基尿素周圍土壤脲酶活性隨木質(zhì)素含量增加而降低,制備的生物質(zhì)炭基尿素對(duì)土壤脲酶活性有抑制作用。(3)選擇了乙醇和木醋液兩種溶劑對(duì)木質(zhì)素改性,制備兩種木質(zhì)素粘結(jié)劑,并運(yùn)用圓盤造粒機(jī)對(duì)尿素用生物質(zhì)炭進(jìn)行包膜,對(duì)得到的兩種生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素進(jìn)行了成粒性能、力學(xué)及緩釋性能測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明:以木質(zhì)素-木醋液粘結(jié)劑制備的包膜尿素的造粒率比以木質(zhì)素-乙醇為粘結(jié)劑的包膜尿素高12~24%,包膜率高34~42%,且粒徑分布的均勻性較好,力學(xué)與緩釋性能也較好。(4)利用改性粘結(jié)劑制備生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以木質(zhì)素-木醋液粘結(jié)劑制備生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素隨著烘干溫度的提高,成粒率和包膜率略有升高,生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素含氮量降低,力學(xué)及緩釋性能隨著烘干溫度升高呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低趨勢(shì),65℃時(shí)性能較好;隨著粘結(jié)劑含量增加,生物質(zhì)炭包膜尿素成粒率及包膜率也增加,含氮量相應(yīng)的降低,其力學(xué)性能與緩釋性能也隨之降低;隨著固液比的升高,其包膜率逐漸降低,而其成粒率呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),含氮量隨著固液比的降低而降低,抗壓力及緩釋性能呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural production country, a large number of crop stalks can not be effectively treated every year, aggravating environmental pollution. The nature of straw is more suitable for resource utilization-return treatment. Biomass carbon can improve the properties of soil and can be stored for a long time. At present, biomass carbon produced by pyrolysis technology is mostly powdered, which brings inconvenience to transportation, storage and application. It is particularly necessary to utilize biomass carbon by briquetting. In this paper, columnar carbon-based urea and coated urea were prepared with lignin as binder, and the process conditions were studied. For the determination of slow-release properties, the specific work is as follows: (1) Industrial analysis, elemental analysis and thermodynamic determination of lignin, characterization and analysis of lignin modified by different solvents, infrared spectrum analysis and differential thermal analysis. The effects of lignin content, heating temperature and urea content on the viscosity of solution system under different solvent conditions were studied. The effects of various factors on the viscosity of the solution system were also different.) the columnar biomass carbon-based urea was prepared by hot pressing. The ratio of biomass carbon to urea at 1:1 mass ratio was studied. The content of binder and molding temperature were discussed. The effect of molding pressure on the mechanical and sustained release properties of carbon-based urea was investigated. The results showed that the addition of binder could prevent the surface of carbon-based urea from bursting and enhance the mechanical and slow-release properties. With the increase of lignin content and molding pressure, the mechanical properties and slow-release properties of carbon-based urea increased, and then weakened with the increase of molding temperature, and the best performance was obtained at 70 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1916076