本文選題：濕陷性黃土 + 膨脹性��； 參考：《華北水利水電大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自然界中的水是一個(gè)循環(huán)的連續(xù)整體,其中降雨入滲是水循環(huán)中一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。降雨入滲后到達(dá)植物根系,再通過葉片的氣孔擴(kuò)散到靜空氣層,最后進(jìn)入大氣層,完成自然界水循環(huán)過程。在這個(gè)過程中,降雨入滲為植物生長和生存提供物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),也是植被吸收水分的唯一途徑,同時(shí)降雨入滲過程也產(chǎn)生土壤水和地表徑流。一直以來,土壤水是農(nóng)業(yè)水土問題中重點(diǎn)研究對象之一,對植被種植、節(jié)水灌溉、土地荒漠化的治理等方面都起到重要的作用,特別是在黃土地區(qū),濕陷性黃土的膨脹性使土壤水分特征參數(shù)發(fā)生變化,很大程度上影響著土壤水分入滲過程。本文在對國內(nèi)外的土壤水入滲過程研究進(jìn)展整理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了濕陷性黃土積水入滲和降雨入滲實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了濕陷性黃土膨脹變形對土壤飽和含水量、飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)、飽和比容積等參數(shù)的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了濕陷性黃土的膨脹變形對土壤水分入滲過程的影響,并采用Philip公式、Kostiakov公式和Horton公式等入滲經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蛿M合分析了土壤水分入滲過程中入滲速率的變化情況,得到了以下結(jié)論:(1)分析了濕陷性黃土膨脹后土壤飽和水分運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)變化,得到了濕陷性黃土降雨入滲過程中相關(guān)物理參數(shù)的變化過程。入滲過程中,在膨脹力和自重應(yīng)力作用下,土壤容重隨深度增加逐漸增大,飽和含水量逐漸減小且減小速度先快后慢,土壤飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)也逐漸減小,同時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也為土壤水分入滲模型的擬合提供有力的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。(2)可以描述濕陷性黃土降雨入滲過程中考慮體積變化的土壤水分入滲經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。以入滲速率隨時(shí)間變化情況為對象,選取Philip公式、Kostiakov公式和Horton公式,擬合得到相關(guān)參數(shù)值及模型的相關(guān)系數(shù),綜合考慮擬合公式中參數(shù)的實(shí)際物理意義,總結(jié)出適合膨脹土的土壤水分入滲經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。擬合結(jié)果中,Philip公式的擬合得到的相關(guān)系數(shù)較小,因此不適用于濕陷性黃土的入滲過程。Kostiakov公式和Horton公式的相關(guān)系數(shù)均大于0.9,Kostiakov公式對飽和段擬合結(jié)果較為準(zhǔn)確,Horton公式對初始入滲和穩(wěn)定入滲的過程均可以較好擬合,綜合考慮其它實(shí)際因素,Horton公式是擬合考慮膨脹土體積變化的土壤水分入滲經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式較為理想的模型。(3)濕陷性黃土體積變化對土壤水分入滲過程的影響。通過分析降雨條件下濕陷性黃土入滲過程中的體積、自重應(yīng)力、膨脹力和飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)四個(gè)變量隨深度的變化關(guān)系,總結(jié)了體積變化對濕陷性黃土入滲參數(shù)的影響及其影響程度。入滲過程中,假設(shè)土壤各單位深度的膨脹力不變,自重應(yīng)力隨深度增加逐漸增大,但體積增大量逐漸減小,單位深度處土壤飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)隨深度逐漸減小,因此,濕陷性黃土吸水后體積膨脹對入滲過程具有一定影響。本文闡明了膨脹性黃土體積變化對入滲過程相關(guān)參數(shù)的影響及其變化趨勢,計(jì)算了入滲過中土壤孔隙度及飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)的變化情況,得出了考慮體積變化的膨脹土入滲經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?在土壤水分入滲模型的建立、優(yōu)化及土壤飽和導(dǎo)水系數(shù)測量方面都有一定實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:Water in nature is a continuous and continuous whole, in which rainfall infiltration is an important link in the water cycle. After infiltration of rain, it reaches the plant root, then spreads through the stoma of the leaves to the static air atmosphere, and finally enters the atmosphere to complete the natural water cycle. In this process, rainfall infiltration is the plant growth and survival supply. The quality basis is also the only way to absorb water by vegetation, and the rainfall infiltration process also produces soil water and surface runoff. Soil water has been one of the key research objects in the agricultural and soil problems, which has played an important role in vegetation planting, water saving irrigation and land desertification control, especially in the loess region. The expansibility of the Loess makes the soil water characteristic parameters change and affects the infiltration process of soil water to a great extent. On the basis of the analysis of the progress of soil water infiltration at home and abroad, the experiment of water infiltration and rainfall infiltration in collapsible loess is designed, and the swelling deformation of collapsible loess is verified to be full of soil. On the basis of the influence of water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturation ratio and other parameters, the influence of swelling deformation of collapsible loess on soil water infiltration is studied. The infiltration rate changes in soil water infiltration process are fitted and analyzed by Philip formula, Kostiakov formula and Horton formula. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the variation of soil saturated water movement parameters after the collapsible loess expansion is analyzed, and the change process of the related physical parameters in the rainfall infiltration process of collapsible loess is obtained. In the process of infiltration, the soil bulk density increases with the depth, and the saturated water content gradually decreases with the action of expansion and weight stress. At the same time, the soil moisture permeability coefficient is gradually reduced, and the experimental results also provide powerful data support for the fitting of soil water infiltration model. (2) the empirical formula of soil moisture infiltration in the process of collapsible loess rainfall infiltration is described. The Philip formula, the Kostiakov formula and the Horton formula are selected to fit the correlation coefficient of the relative parameters and the model, and the actual physical meaning of the parameters in the fitting formula is taken into consideration. The empirical formula of soil water infiltration suitable for expansive soil is summed up. The fitting result is not suitable for the correlation coefficient of the fitting of the Philip formula. The correlation coefficient of.Kostiakov formula and Horton formula in the infiltration process of collapsible loess is more than 0.9, and the result of the Kostiakov formula is more accurate. The Horton formula can fit well the initial infiltration and the stable infiltration process, and the other practical factors are considered synthetically. The Horton formula is the soil which considers the volume change of the expansive soil. The empirical formula of soil water infiltration is an ideal model. (3) the effect of the volume change of collapsible loess on the infiltration process of soil water. Through the analysis of the volume, self weight stress, expansion force and saturated conductivity of four variables with the depth of the collapsible loess infiltration under rainfall conditions, the volume change to the collapsible yellow is summed up. The influence of soil infiltration parameters and its influence degree. In the process of infiltration, it is assumed that the expansion force of the soil depth is constant, and the weight stress increases gradually with the depth, but the volume increases gradually, and the soil saturated water conductivity coefficient decreases with the depth at the unit depth. Therefore, the volume expansion of the collapsible loess after water absorption is used in the infiltration process. The influence of the volume change of expansive loess on the related parameters of infiltration process and the change trend are clarified in this paper. The change of soil porosity and saturated conductivity of saturated soil is calculated, and the empirical model of expansive soil infiltration considering the volume change is obtained, and the establishment of soil water infiltration model, optimization and soil satiety are obtained. And the measurement of water conductivity coefficient has certain practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S152.7

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