本文選題：馬鈴薯 + 干旱脅迫��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱是一個(gè)世界性的難題,是世界范圍內(nèi)最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一。干旱脅迫嚴(yán)重影響植物的生長發(fā)育,導(dǎo)致植物一系列的生理方面的變化。本研究以高淀粉馬鈴薯品種克新22號和低淀粉品種克新19號為試驗(yàn)材料,在防雨棚內(nèi)進(jìn)行盆栽試驗(yàn),設(shè)土壤含水量30%-40%(干旱)和60%-70%(適宜)兩個(gè)處理,在塊莖形成期(7月9日)開始人工控水,研究干旱脅迫對馬鈴薯生長指標(biāo)、干物質(zhì)含量、產(chǎn)量、淀粉以及其組分含量、淀粉積累量、淀粉合成速率以及淀粉合成酶活性的影響,探討干旱脅迫對淀粉合成機(jī)制的影響,為馬鈴薯抗旱育種提供理論依據(jù),結(jié)果表明:1.干旱脅迫條件下,兩品種株高、莖粗、分枝數(shù)、匍匐莖數(shù)量和匍匐莖長度都有不同程度的降低且處理間差異顯著,各個(gè)生長指標(biāo)隨生育時(shí)期呈單峰變化,但葉綠素含量略有升高。2.干旱脅迫條件下,兩品種根鮮重和根干重有不同程度的降低,葉片鮮重和葉片干重也有不同程度的降低,莖鮮重和莖干重同樣有不同程度的降低。其中根鮮重受干旱脅迫影響下降最為明顯。3.干旱脅迫條件下,馬鈴薯塊莖生長受抑制,克新22號塊莖干物質(zhì)含量下降了7.04%,克新19號塊莖干物質(zhì)含量下降了3.42%;高淀粉品種克新22號,下降較為明顯。低淀粉品種克新19號產(chǎn)量高于高淀粉品種克新22號,但在干旱脅迫條件下克新22號和克新19號的產(chǎn)量分別降低了28.73%和21.84%,說明干旱脅迫對高淀粉品種克新22號影響較大�？诵�22號的抗旱系數(shù)為0.7126,克新19號抗旱系數(shù)為0.7816�？诵�22號抗旱指數(shù)為0.5338,克新19號抗旱指數(shù)為0.9777。4.干旱脅迫條件下,克新22號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉含量分別下降13.21%,6.39%,14.21%;克新19號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉含量分別下降8.95%,8.49%,8.96%。干旱脅迫條件下,克新22號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉積累量分別下降29.11%,39.14%,24.65%;克新19號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉積累量分別下降28.35%,29.28%,28.08%。干旱脅迫條件下,克新22號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉積累速率分別下降38.67%,38.00%,39.69%;克新19號粗淀粉、直鏈淀粉、支鏈淀粉積累速率分別下降35.76%,32.56%,32.43%。5.兩品種的4種酶(AGPase、GBSS、SSS、SBE)活性均先升高后降低呈單峰變化,活性峰值基本上都出現(xiàn)在第三次取樣。8月18日左右,干旱脅迫處理與水分適宜處理相比,克新22號和克新19號AGPase酶分別下降了5.32%和5.51%;克新22號和克新19號SSS酶分別下降了17.88%和20.12%;克新22號和克新19號GBSS酶分別下降了14.39%和15.61%;克新22號和克新19號SBE酶活性分別下降了14.55%和12.98%。6.兩品種直鏈淀粉積累速率與AGPase、GBSS活性變化呈顯著或者極顯著正相關(guān);支鏈淀粉積累速率與AGPase、SSS和SBE活性變化顯著或極顯著正相關(guān);粗淀粉積累速率與AGPase,GBSS,SSS和SBE活性變化顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Drought is a worldwide problem and one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. Drought stress seriously affects the growth and development of plants, leading to a series of physiological changes. In this study, pot experiment was carried out in a rain shelter with high starch potato variety Kexin 22 and low starch variety Kexin 19 as experimental materials. The soil moisture content was 30 -40g (drought) and 60-70g (suitable). The effects of drought stress on potato growth index, dry matter content, yield, starch and its components, starch accumulation, starch synthesis rate and starch synthase activity were studied during the tuber formation period (July 9), and the effects of drought stress on potato growth index, dry matter content, yield, starch accumulation, starch synthesis rate and starch synthase activity were studied. To explore the effect of drought stress on starch synthesis mechanism and to provide theoretical basis for potato drought resistance breeding, the results showed that 1: 1. Under drought stress, the plant height, stem diameter, branch number, stolon number and stolon length of the two cultivars decreased to some extent, and there were significant differences among treatments. But chlorophyll content increased slightly. Under drought stress, root fresh weight and root dry weight of the two varieties decreased in different degrees, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight also decreased to different extent, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight also decreased to different degrees. Among them, the root fresh weight decreased most obviously by drought stress. Under drought stress, potato tuber growth was inhibited, dry matter content of tuber Kexin 22 decreased 7.04kun, dry matter content of Kexin 19 tuber decreased 3.42%, and high starch variety Kexin 22 decreased more obviously. The yield of the low starch variety Kexin 19 was higher than that of the high starch variety Kexin 22, but the yield of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 decreased by 28.73% and 21.84 respectively under drought stress, which indicated that drought stress had a great effect on the high starch variety Kexin 22. The drought resistance coefficient of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 was 0.7126 and 0.7816 respectively. The drought resistance index of Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 was 0.5338 and 0.9777.4 respectively. Under drought stress, the contents of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin of Kexin 22 decreased by 13.21 and 6.39 and 14.21, respectively, and the contents of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin of Kexin 19 decreased by 8.95 and 8.49 and 8.96, respectively. Under drought stress, the accumulation of crude starch, amylose, amylopectin and amylopectin in Kexin 22 decreased 29.11% and 39.14% 24.65, respectively, and the accumulation of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin in Kexin 19 decreased 28.35% 29.28% and 28.08% respectively. Under drought stress, the accumulation rate of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin decreased by 38.67% and 38.00%, respectively, and the accumulation rate of crude starch, amylose and amylopectin from Kexin 19 decreased by 35.76 ~ 32.56 and 32.43%, respectively. The activity of four enzymes of the two cultivars increased first and then decreased, and the peak value of activity appeared in the third sampling, and the drought stress treatment was compared with the suitable water treatment on August 18, and the results showed that the activity of the two cultivars increased at first, and then decreased at the same time, and the peak value of the activity appeared in the third sampling, and the drought stress treatment was compared with the suitable water treatment. Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 AGPase decreased 5.32% and 5.51%, Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 SSS decreased 17.88% and 20.12%, Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 GBSS decreased 14.39% and 15.61%, respectively, and Kexin 22 and Kexin 19 SBE activity decreased by 14.39% and 15.61%, respectively. By 14.55% and 12.98%, respectively. There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the amylose accumulation rate and the activity of AGPaseSSS and SBE, and the rate of amylopectin accumulation was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with the activity of AGPaseSSS and SBE. The accumulation rate of crude starch was positively correlated with the activity of SBE and SSS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S532;S423

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