本文選題：土壤養(yǎng)分 + 空間變異��； 參考：《寧夏大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤養(yǎng)分的科學管理,能避免不必要的浪費；對土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異的研究,提供多方面的數據信息,能為在農作物種植過程中準確施肥,合理實施精準農業(yè)提供了理論基礎。土壤養(yǎng)分在空間不同位置上產生的變異,是土壤諸多屬性空間變異的重要一方面。在GIS諸多功能中空間分析工具有助于制圖,地統(tǒng)計學的空間數據分析模塊有助于數據分析,二者的功能相互結合,能把原本抽象的理論轉化為能夠解決實際問題的簡單而快捷圖像和模型,使土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異性的研究更加快捷、準確,并且能夠生動直觀的解釋其原理。研究通過利用GIS和地統(tǒng)計學方法,分析研究了寧夏旱作節(jié)水農業(yè)科技示范區(qū)(同心縣王團)的土壤養(yǎng)分分布特征及空間變異規(guī)律,并對土壤養(yǎng)分豐缺狀況進探究,對土壤養(yǎng)分的綜合水平進行評價,研究的結果如下：(1)在土壤養(yǎng)分中pH在變異系數上的值最小為4%,而速效磷的變異系數值最大為61%,總的變化規(guī)律從全磷、速效鉀、堿解氮、全氮、全鹽到有機質依次減小。(2)土壤養(yǎng)分之間的相關性分析主要說明各指標之間聯系的緊密程度和相互作用程度。全氮與有機質、pH、全磷、堿解氮、速效磷之間沒有顯著地相關性。全磷與速效磷、全磷與速效鉀之間的相關性不顯著,其余的均為為極顯著相關性。其中,堿解氮與全鹽的相關系數為0.601,堿解氮與pH的相關系數為0.662,均表現出極顯著的相關性。(3)有機質、pH、全磷、堿解氮、速效磷、全氮、全鹽、速效鉀均在一定的范圍內存在空間相關性,它們之間的空間變異性不同,其變程范圍在74m—2110m。堿解氮和全磷的變程值最大為2110m,全氮的變程值最小為74m,其余幾種養(yǎng)分的變程值的大小依次為全鹽pH速效鉀速效磷有機質。(4)從pH空間分布圖中可知,由于pH的變化范圍不大,導致其在空間分布圖上表現出的變化梯度不大。土壤速效氮含量從東到西的遞減規(guī)律。全氮的含量表現出中部區(qū)域含量較低,東西部含量較高的規(guī)律；全磷含量北部地區(qū)高于南部地區(qū),各等級分布比較分散,大部分分布在南部地區(qū),而全磷含量比較高的分布在中部地區(qū)；速效磷含量其分布規(guī)律為北部地區(qū)高于南部地區(qū),東部地區(qū)高于西部地區(qū),有三個分散的小區(qū)域速效磷含量非常高；速效鉀含量北部明顯高于南部,南部絕大多數研究區(qū)域土壤肥力低于國家三級標準,東北部含量較豐富；在該研究區(qū)域內,有機質的含量比較均勻,空間變異不大,只有中西部地區(qū)有機質含量相對較低；土壤全鹽的含量北部地區(qū)高于南部地區(qū),尤其是北部地區(qū)規(guī)律非常明顯,自東向西逐級遞減,而南部地區(qū)的中間一塊區(qū)域的含量明顯低于四周區(qū)域的含量。(5)土壤機械組成(砂粒、粉粒、粘粒)和土壤養(yǎng)分含量之間的進行了相關性分析,表明土壤中的有機質、全氮、速效鉀、全鹽、速效磷、堿解氮的含量的分布,都與顆粒組成的空間分布有密不可分的聯系。(6)土壤養(yǎng)分綜合評價空間分布,東北部地區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分綜合水平較高的B等地占研究區(qū)面積的38.4%,而西南部地區(qū)是C等地所占面積59.18%,A等地只是占東北角的一小塊區(qū)域和其周圍的幾個點狀區(qū)域,其面積只占總面積的0.02%。
[Abstract]:The scientific management of soil nutrients can avoid unnecessary waste, and the study of spatial variability of soil nutrients provides many data information, which provides a theoretical basis for accurate fertilization in the process of crop cultivation and the rational implementation of precision agriculture. The variation of soil nutrients in different space positions is a lot of soil properties space. An important aspect of variation. In many GIS functions, spatial analysis tools help to map. The spatial data analysis module of geostatistics contributes to data analysis. The functions of the two are combined, and the original abstract theory can be transformed into simple and fast images and models that can solve practical problems, so that the spatial variability of soil nutrients can be studied. By using GIS and geostatistics, the characteristics of soil nutrient distribution and spatial variation in Ningxia's dry farming and water-saving agricultural science and technology demonstration area (Tongxin county) were studied by using the method of geostatistics, and the comprehensive level of soil nutrients was explored and the comprehensive level of soil nutrients was studied. The results are as follows: (1) the minimum value of the variation coefficient of pH in soil nutrients is 4%, while the maximum variation of available phosphorus is 61%. The overall change rules decrease in turn from total phosphorus, available potassium, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, total nitrogen, all salt to organic matter. (2) the correlation analysis between soil and soil nutrients mainly illustrates the relationship between the indexes. There was no significant correlation between total nitrogen and organic matter, pH, total phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus. The correlation between total phosphorus and available phosphorus, total phosphorus and available potassium was not significant, and the rest were significantly correlated. The correlation coefficient of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and total salt was 0.601, and the correlation coefficient of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and pH was 0.662, they all showed significant correlation. (3) organic matter, pH, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total salt, and available potassium exist in a certain range of spatial correlation, the spatial variability between them is different, the range of variation range in the range of 74m 2110m. alkali solution nitrogen and total phosphorus is 2110m, and the minimum variation range of total nitrogen is 74m, The change range of the remaining nutrients is in turn the total salt pH available potassium available phosphorus organic matter. (4) from the pH spatial distribution map, it is known that because of the small change range of pH, the change gradient in the spatial distribution map is not large. The content of soil available nitrogen decreases from East to west. The content of total nitrogen shows the content in the middle region. The content of total phosphorus in the northern region is higher than that in the southern region. The distribution of total phosphorus in the southern region is relatively scattered, most of which are distributed in the southern region, while the total phosphorus content is high in the central region. The distribution regularity of the content of available phosphorus is higher in the northern region than in the south, and in the East is higher than that in the western region, with three points. The content of available phosphorus in the scattered area is very high, the content of available potassium in the north is obviously higher than that in the south, and the soil fertility in most of the research areas in the south is lower than the national standard of national three, and the content of the northeast is rich. In this study area, the content of organic matter is relatively uniform and the spatial variation is not very large, only the organic matter content in the middle and western regions is relatively low. The content of all soil salt in the north is higher than that in the south, especially in the northern region, which is obviously decreasing from east to west, and the content of the middle part of the south area is obviously lower than that in the surrounding area. (5) the correlation analysis between soil mechanical composition (sand, powder, clay) and soil nutrient content is analyzed. The distribution of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, total salt, available phosphorus, and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content in the soil have an inseparable relation with the spatial distribution of grain composition. (6) the comprehensive assessment of spatial distribution of soil nutrients, the high comprehensive level of soil nutrients in the northeast area of B and other areas account for 38.4% of the area of the study area, and the southwest region is the area of C and so on. The area is 59.18%, A and other places are only a small area of the northeast corner and a few punctuate areas around it, which occupy only 0.02%. of the total area.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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