發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 16:08

  本文選題：地膜覆蓋 + 土壤水分　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全膜雙壟溝播技術(shù)在干旱半干旱地區(qū)的應(yīng)用十分廣泛,這種技術(shù)明顯的提高了玉米(Zea Mays L.)的產(chǎn)量,但一些具體的機(jī)理我們并不是很清楚,前人對(duì)于地膜覆蓋對(duì)于土壤中的氮素變化有所研究,但是對(duì)于地膜覆蓋與氮肥梯度對(duì)土壤氮素的研究和地膜覆蓋和秸稈還田對(duì)土壤氮素的研究還很少,我這次設(shè)計(jì)的試驗(yàn)主要目的在于:地膜覆蓋與氮肥梯度的相互作用以及地膜覆蓋和秸稈還田對(duì)土壤氮素變化和玉米生長的影響。試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)選取在甘肅省小康營鄉(xiāng)的兩塊地。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.未培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果顯示:在玉米種植一年內(nèi),土壤表層的無機(jī)氮變化情況,可得出覆膜處理的氮素含量要遠(yuǎn)高于不覆膜的氮素含量,氮素變化并不呈現(xiàn)一定的統(tǒng)一規(guī)律,覆膜處理促進(jìn)氮素的礦化,可是其植物生長比較好,對(duì)于氮素的消耗也是比較多的,加上氮素的反硝化作用,以及淋溶等作用的各不相同,最后導(dǎo)致每個(gè)處理的結(jié)果并沒有出現(xiàn)一定的規(guī)律。2.從整個(gè)生長季節(jié)來看,氮素的礦化速率在播種到130天的過程中在下降,但是都是正速率,到了八月份以后兩塊地的礦化速率呈現(xiàn)負(fù)值,并且均呈現(xiàn)覆膜要比裸地礦化速率高并影響極其顯著(P0.001),對(duì)于(樣地1)覆膜可以很明顯的增加礦化速率,然而氮肥梯度的不同對(duì)礦化速率的增加不顯著(P0.05),地膜覆蓋和氮肥梯度沒有交互作用,覆膜處理較不覆膜處理氮的總礦化量也有明顯增加,在播種130天的時(shí)候氮素累積量達(dá)到最大值。對(duì)于秸稈還田樣地(樣地2),覆膜增加了氮素的礦化速率并影響極其顯著(P0.001),秸稈還田對(duì)氮素礦化速率的作用不顯著(P0.05),兩者之間沒有交互作用。地膜覆蓋增加了累積礦化量,在播種后130天的時(shí)候累積礦化量達(dá)到了最大值,在播種地膜覆蓋和氮素礦化均改變了農(nóng)田中的氮循環(huán),但是覆膜的作用很明顯較大。3.在收獲期間我們進(jìn)行了地下部分氮素的測(cè)定,由表層(0-20cm)到底層(180-200cm)氮素在6個(gè)處理下均呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì),但是覆膜的施氮處理在(130-160cm)又出現(xiàn)了升高的趨勢(shì),這也說明了覆膜促進(jìn)了淋溶的進(jìn)行,使得在這個(gè)深度出現(xiàn)了波動(dòng),我們對(duì)收獲時(shí)期的產(chǎn)量做了總結(jié),覆膜和施肥的增產(chǎn)作用很明顯。
[Abstract]:The full film double ridge seeding technique is widely used in arid and semi-arid areas, and this technique has obviously improved Zea Mays L. However, some specific mechanisms are not well understood. Previous studies on the change of nitrogen in soil by plastic film mulching have been carried out. However, there are few studies on the effects of film mulching and nitrogen gradient on soil nitrogen and mulching and returning straw to soil nitrogen. The main purpose of this experiment is to study the interaction between mulching and nitrogen gradients and the effects of mulching and straw returning on soil nitrogen and maize growth. The site of the experiment was two plots in Xiaokangying Township, Gansu Province. The main results are as follows: 1. The results showed that the inorganic nitrogen content in the surface layer of maize was much higher than that in the non-mulching treatment during the first year of maize planting, and the change of nitrogen did not show a uniform rule. Film mulching can promote the mineralization of nitrogen, but its plants grow better and consume more nitrogen. The denitrification and leaching of nitrogen are different from each other. Finally, the result of each processing did not appear a certain rule. 2. During the whole growing season, the mineralization rate of nitrogen decreased from seeding to 130 days, but it was both positive. After August, the mineralization rate of the two plots showed a negative value. Moreover, the rate of mineralization was higher than that of bare land, and the effect of film mulching was extremely significant (P 0.001), and the rate of mineralization could be increased obviously for (sample land 1). However, the difference of nitrogen fertilizer gradient had no significant effect on the increase of mineralization rate, but there was no interaction between film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer gradient, and the total mineralization amount of nitrogen in film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that in non-film mulching treatment. Nitrogen accumulation reached a maximum at 130 days after sowing. For the field with straw returning to the sample land (sample land 2), the film mulching increased the nitrogen mineralization rate and significantly affected the nitrogen mineralization rate (P0.001), but the effect of straw returning to the field on the nitrogen mineralization rate was not significant (P 0.05), and there was no interaction between the two. Film mulching increased the accumulation of mineralization, and reached the maximum at 130 days after sowing. Both mulching and nitrogen mineralization changed the nitrogen cycle in farmland, but the effect of film mulching was obvious. 3. During the harvest period, we measured the nitrogen content in the underground part, from the surface layer (0-20 cm) to the bottom layer (180-200 cm). The nitrogen content decreased under 6 treatments, but the nitrogen application of film mulching increased in the range of 130-160 cm). This also shows that the film mulching promotes the leaching process and makes it fluctuate at this depth. We sum up the yield of the harvest period and the effect of film mulching and fertilization on increasing yield is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S316;S153

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本文編號(hào)：1897528