本文選題：梨小食心蟲 + 糖醋液��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：梨小食心蟲(Grapholita molesta Busck)屬鱗翅目(Lepidoptera),是世界性的果樹害蟲。其食性廣泛,寄主種類比較廣,廣泛分布于各大果區(qū),其繁殖能力高,飛行能力強(qiáng),嚴(yán)重的危害到了果品的生產(chǎn),因此梨小食心蟲的防治受到了普遍關(guān)注。目前主要防治方法為化學(xué)防治,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)藥殘留、水果品質(zhì)下降、天敵減少、破壞生態(tài)平衡等一系列的弊端。糖醋液誘殺梨小食心蟲是一種無公害防治害蟲手段。本文旨在研究糖醋液對梨小食心蟲的引誘效果及梨小食心蟲對糖醋液揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)的趨性反應(yīng),探討梨小食心蟲對糖醋液的選擇情況及糖醋液揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)中能夠引起梨小食心蟲趨性反應(yīng)的有效成分。為了探明糖醋液對梨小食心蟲的引誘作用,以及引誘機(jī)理,為無公害防治梨小食心蟲提供理論基礎(chǔ)和事實依據(jù)。具體研究結(jié)果如下:(1)利用正交試驗設(shè)計在田間設(shè)置9種不同配比的糖醋液對梨小食心蟲進(jìn)行引誘試驗,試驗地選擇10年生的桃樹基地,隨機(jī)擺放9種不同配比糖醋液以及對照,記錄每個配比誘殺梨小食心蟲的數(shù)量。試驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)配方為紅糖∶食用醋∶白酒∶水=1∶1.4∶1∶12時,糖醋液對梨小食心蟲成蟲的引誘效果最好。(2)利用Y型嗅覺測定儀,測定梨小食心蟲成蟲對9種不同配比糖醋液的趨性反應(yīng),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),梨小食心蟲雌雄成蟲對配方為紅糖∶食用醋∶白酒∶水=1∶1.4∶1∶12均表現(xiàn)趨性最強(qiáng)。(3)采用動態(tài)頂空采集、熱脫附及氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GC-MS)技術(shù)等手段相結(jié)合的試驗方法,對最佳配比糖醋液的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)組成進(jìn)行了分析研究,得出了糖醋液揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)中有主要成分15種,其中6種酮總相對含量約為41.45%;4種醛總相對含量約為25.84%;3種酯總相對含量約為21.96%,通過用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化合物進(jìn)行室內(nèi)行為學(xué)測定得出了2種使梨小食心蟲產(chǎn)生趨性活性的物質(zhì),其中乙基苯乙酮能夠使梨小食心蟲雌成蟲產(chǎn)生趨性反應(yīng),3,4-二甲基苯乙酮能夠使梨小食心蟲雄成蟲產(chǎn)生趨性反應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Pyrus molesta belongs to Lepidoptera Lepidoptera, which is a worldwide pest of fruit trees. It has a wide range of food and host species, and is widely distributed in various fruit regions. It has high reproduction ability, strong flight ability and serious harm to fruit production. Therefore, the prevention and control of small heart-eating insects of pear has received widespread attention. At present, the main control methods are chemical control, which results in pesticide residues, fruit quality decline, natural enemies reduced, ecological balance damage and a series of drawbacks. Sweet and sour solution is a kind of non-pollution control method to kill Pear minnow. The purpose of this paper is to study the inducement effect of sweet and sour solution to pear minnow worm and its tendency reaction to volatile substances in sweet and sour solution. To study the selection of sweet and sour solution and the effective components of volatile substances in sweet and sour liquid which can induce the tendency reaction of Pear heart-worm. In order to find out the seductive effect and mechanism of sweet and sour solution to Pear heart-worm, the theoretical basis and the factual basis were provided for the prevention and control of Pear heart-worm without pollution. The specific results are as follows: (1) using the orthogonal design to set up nine different proportions of sweet and sour solution in the field to induce the pear heart-worm, the experiment site was selected for 10 years old peach tree base, 9 kinds of sweet and sour juice with different proportions and the control were randomly placed. Record the number of pyramidals in each ratio. The results showed that when the formula was brown sugar: edible vinegar: liquor: water 11. 4: 1: 12, sweet and sour solution had the best attraction effect to the adult worm of Pear heart-eating insect.) the Y type olfactory detector was used. The responses of adults to 9 different proportions of sugar and vinegar were determined. The formula of male and female adults of Pear is brown sugar: edible vinegar: liquor: water 1: 1.4: 1: 12. The test method of dynamic headspace collection, thermal desorption and GC-MS is used. The composition of volatile substances in the optimum proportion of sugar and vinegar was analyzed and studied. The results showed that there were 15 main components in the volatile substances of sugar and vinegar. The total relative contents of 6 ketones and 4 aldehydes were about 25.84 and 21.96 respectively. Ethyl acetophenone can induce the female adult of Pear heart-eater to produce a chemotaxis. 3- (4-dimethyl) acetophenone can cause the male adult of Pear heart-eater to produce a chemotaxis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433.4

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本文編號：1896770