本文選題：魚(yú)鱗坑坡面 + 間歇性降雨��； 參考：《土壤學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期

【摘要】：為明確魚(yú)鱗坑坡面抗侵蝕演化過(guò)程及其水流水力學(xué)特性,采用間歇性人工模擬降雨實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)魚(yú)鱗坑坡面水流水力學(xué)特性以及阻力規(guī)律進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)魚(yú)鱗坑坡面侵蝕演化過(guò)程表現(xiàn)為:雨滴濺蝕—片蝕—股流沖刷—跌坑—細(xì)溝侵蝕—下切侵蝕—溯源侵蝕—崩塌。(2)隨著降雨歷時(shí)的增加,由于魚(yú)鱗坑的層層攔截與蓄滿,其下方的坡面徑流流速、水深均呈波動(dòng)式增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),坑內(nèi)出現(xiàn)旋渦,坡面徑流呈現(xiàn)斷續(xù)股流。降雨累積歷時(shí)為58 min左右,總降雨量達(dá)到87 mm時(shí),魚(yú)鱗坑侵蝕量急劇增加,攔蓄徑流作用失效。(3)五場(chǎng)降雨過(guò)程中,上坡和中坡水流流態(tài)為層流,下坡由于魚(yú)鱗坑蓄滿后徑流出現(xiàn)波動(dòng),水流流態(tài)由層流變?yōu)槲闪髑視r(shí)而為緩流時(shí)而為急流。(4)魚(yú)鱗坑坡面水流阻力來(lái)源于降雨阻力、顆粒阻力、形態(tài)阻力疊加,在整個(gè)降雨過(guò)程中阻力總和呈下降趨勢(shì);其中,受地形高低起伏、地表糙度的影響,形態(tài)阻力一直居于主導(dǎo)地位。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the evolution process of anti-erosion and the characteristics of water flow and hydraulics on the slope of the fish-scale pit, the hydraulic characteristics and the law of resistance of the water flow on the slope of the fish-scale pit were systematically analyzed by the intermittent artificial rainfall simulation experiment. The results show that the evolution process of the slope erosion in the fish-scale pit is as follows: raindrop splash erosion, sheet erosion, stream erosion, rill erosion, traceability erosion and collapse. 2) with the increase of rainfall duration, Because of the interception and accumulation of the fish scale pit, the flow velocity and depth of the slope below the pit are all increasing in a fluctuating trend, the vortex appears in the pit, and the runoff on the slope presents intermittent flow. When the cumulative duration of rainfall is about 58 min and the total rainfall reaches 87 mm, the erosion amount of the fishscale pit increases sharply, and the failure of the impounding runoff is. 3) during the five rainfall periods, the upper and middle slope water flow pattern is laminar flow. Due to the fluctuation of runoff after the fish scale pit is filled, the water flow state changes from laminar flow to turbulent flow, and sometimes to slow flow and then to jet flow. 4) the flow resistance on the slope of fish scale pit comes from rainfall resistance, particle resistance and morphological resistance superposition. During the whole process of rainfall, the total resistance showed a downward trend, among which, the morphological resistance was always dominant due to the influence of the topographic fluctuation and the roughness of the surface.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)旱區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;重慶市萬(wàn)盛經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)水務(wù)局;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41671276)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
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本文編號(hào)：1896473