本文選題：不同開墾年限水田 + 土壤有機質(zhì)�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是社會、歷史和自然的綜合體,是人類社會的根本,它在自然與人為因素的作用和影響下不斷變化與更新。土壤質(zhì)量是評價土壤好壞的重要指標(biāo),是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和土壤管理判斷準(zhǔn)則,它關(guān)系到動物和人類健康行為的能力、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量以及全球生物圈可持續(xù)發(fā)展。土壤的研究對我國農(nóng)業(yè)乃至一切生產(chǎn)生活都具有重大的意義。我國南方水田開墾歷史悠久且國內(nèi)外對其研究較多,而北方水田開墾歷史短且大部分是由旱田改為的水田,國內(nèi)外對其研究較少。本文針對長期以來東北黑土區(qū)水田開墾面積不斷增加,對土壤肥力和碳固定影響機理不清楚的問題,以吉林省榆樹市大坡鎮(zhèn)關(guān)道東村不同開墾年限(5年、30年)和磐石市朝陽山鎮(zhèn)青山村不同開墾年限(5年、20年、50年)的水田土壤為研究對象,并以磐石市朝陽山鎮(zhèn)青山村不同開墾年限(5年、20年、50年)的旱田土壤作為對照,研究土壤有機碳總量及水溶性物質(zhì)(WSS)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)、胡敏素(Hu)的組成和HA結(jié)構(gòu)特征變化,通過對不同開墾年限水田土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成與HA結(jié)構(gòu)特征變化規(guī)律的研究,探索水田不同開墾年限土壤肥力特征變化。結(jié)果表明:(1)關(guān)道東村不同開墾年限的水田土壤,隨著開墾年限的增加:速效養(yǎng)分(有效氮、有效磷和速效鉀)含量均上升;有機碳及各腐殖質(zhì)組分含量(WSS、FA、HA和Hu)均上升;PQ值上升,土壤腐殖化程度加深;腐殖質(zhì)組分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均下降,分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜;HA的H/C值下降,O/C值上升;HA的E2920/1720和E2920/1620比值均下降,HA分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜。(2)青山村不同開墾年限的水田土壤,隨著開墾年限的增加:速效養(yǎng)分含量上升;有機碳含量上升;WSS、HA和Hu的含量均上升而FA含量下降;PQ值上升,土壤腐殖化程度加深;腐殖質(zhì)組分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均下降,分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜;HA的H/C值下降,O/C值上升;HA的E2920/1720、E2920/1620比值均下降,HA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜。(3)青山村對照的旱田土壤,隨著開墾年限的增加:速效養(yǎng)分含量下降;有機碳及各腐殖質(zhì)組分含量均下降;PQ值下降,土壤腐殖化程度減弱;腐殖質(zhì)組分WSS、FA和HA的?LgK值均上升;HA的H/C值上升,O/C值下降;HA的E2920/1720、E2920/1620比值均上升,HA分子結(jié)構(gòu)變得簡單。(4)開墾5年時,青山村水田土壤有機碳含量、PQ值及HA的O/C值均小而HA的H/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值大于對照的旱田;開墾20年時,水田土壤有機碳含量、PQ值及HA的H/C值、O/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值均接近于對照的旱田;開墾50年時,水田土壤有機碳含量、PQ值及HA的O/C值均大而HA的H/C值和E2920/1720、E2920/1620值小于對照的旱田。各腐殖質(zhì)組分含量與?LgK值的大小比較無明顯變化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Soil is the synthesis of society, history and nature, and the foundation of human society. It is constantly changing and renewing under the action and influence of natural and human factors. Soil quality is an important index for evaluating soil quality and a criterion for agricultural development and soil management. It relates to the ability of animal and human health behavior, the environmental quality of ecosystem and the sustainable development of global biosphere. The study of soil is of great significance to our agriculture and even to all production and life. The history of paddy field reclamation in the south of China is long and there are many researches on it at home and abroad, while the reclamation history of paddy field in northern China is short and most of them are changed from dry field to paddy field, and there is little research on it at home and abroad. This paper aims at the problem that the cultivated area of paddy field in the black soil area of Northeast China has been increasing for a long time, and the influence mechanism on soil fertility and carbon fixation is not clear. The paddy soil of different reclamation years (5 years, 30 years) and Qingshan Village (5 years, 20 years, 50 years) in Dapo Town, Yushu City, Jilin Province, was studied. The composition and structural characteristics of soil organic carbon and water-soluble substances such as WSS, Fa, Hu Min, Hu Min-su in Qingshan Village, Chaoyang Town, Panshi City, were studied by using the dry soil of Qingshan Village, Chaoyang Town, Panshi City, as a control. The variation of soil humus composition and HA structure characteristics in paddy fields with different reclamation years was studied in order to explore the change of soil fertility characteristics in paddy fields with different reclamation years. The results showed that the contents of available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) and organic carbon and various humus components (WSSFAA HA and Hu) increased with the increase of reclamation years in the paddy field soil of Guandao East Village, and the values of PQ were increased with the increase of reclamation years, the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and the contents of organic carbon and various humus components (WSSF FAA HA and Hu). The humification degree of soil was deepened, the value of LgK of humus components WSSF FA and HA decreased, The value of H / C of HA decreased with the increase of the ratio of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 of HA. The ratio of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 of HA decreased. The molecular structure of HA became complex. 2) the paddy soil with different years of reclamation in Qingshan village increased with the increase of reclamation years: the content of available nutrients increased; The content of organic carbon increased, but the content of FA increased, the degree of humification deepened, and the values of humus components, WSSF, FA and HA decreased. The H / C value of HA decreased with the increase of H / O / C value. The ratio of E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 of HA decreased. The molecular structure of HA decreased. The content of organic carbon and various humus components decreased and the soil humification degree decreased. The values of humus components WSSF FA and HA increased, the H / C value of HA increased and the value of H / P C of HA increased and the ratio of E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 of HA increased and the molecular structure of HA became simple. 4) after 5 years of reclamation, the ratio of E2920 / 1720 to E2920 / 1620 of HA increased. In Qingshan Paddy field, the soil organic carbon content (P Q) and HA O / C value were small, but the H / C value and E 2920 / 1720% E 2920 / 1620 value of HA were higher than those of the control field, and the soil organic carbon content (P Q) and H / C value (O / C) of paddy field were close to those of the control field after 20 years of reclamation. The values of E2920 / 1720 and E2920 / 1620 were similar to those of the control field. After 50 years of cultivation, the soil organic carbon content (PQ) and the O / C value of HA in paddy field were both large, while the H / C value of HA and E2920 / 1720 / E2920 / 1620 value were lower than those of the control field. The content of humus had no obvious change with the value of LgK.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.622

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