發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-15 17:48

  本文選題：除草劑 + 二甲四氯　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：二甲四氯(MCPA)是一種選擇性、內(nèi)吸傳導(dǎo)型和激素型的苯氧乙酸類(lèi)除草劑。主要用于防除小粒谷物、水稻、豌豆和草坪作物中的多種一年生和多年生雙子葉寬葉雜草以及某些單子葉雜草。該除草劑在廣西甘蔗田大量使用,對(duì)套種和后茬作物可能產(chǎn)生藥害。本試驗(yàn)以二甲四氯為研究對(duì)象,主要針對(duì)二甲四氯降解微生物的篩選及其降解特性展開(kāi)研究,從茅草、飛機(jī)草和番石榴等植物體內(nèi)篩選出對(duì)二甲四氯有降解作用的菌株,為利用微生物降解二甲四氯及其在土壤修復(fù)上的應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.二甲四氯的降解菌的篩選采集茅草、飛機(jī)草和番石榴等植物樣本,通過(guò)平板涂布法和搖瓶富集法等手段,從植物體內(nèi)篩選出對(duì)二甲四氯有降解作用的菌株5株。其中細(xì)菌3株,分別命名為E47、E67和E69號(hào),真菌2株,分別命名為E41號(hào)和E68號(hào)。選取效果較好的內(nèi)生真菌E41號(hào)和E68號(hào)作為本課題主要研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其降解特性進(jìn)行研究。2.降解菌的鑒定運(yùn)用形態(tài)學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)的手段對(duì)分離的菌株進(jìn)行了鑒定。對(duì)細(xì)菌E47、E67和E69號(hào)16S rDNA序列分析,分別鑒定為芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus sp.)、短小桿菌屬(Curtobacterium sp.)和短小桿菌屬(Curtobacterium sp.)。對(duì)真菌E41和E68進(jìn)行ITS、TUB和LUS rDNA序列分析,結(jié)合真菌形態(tài)特征,分別鑒定為擬莖點(diǎn)霉屬(Phomopsis sp.)和炭角菌屬(Xylaria sp.)。3.降解菌的降解特性研究利用液相色譜法檢測(cè)降解菌對(duì)二甲四氯的降解效果,對(duì)菌株E41和E68降解二甲四氯的條件(最適溫度、pH、營(yíng)養(yǎng)源)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和降解動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,以50.0 mg/L為起始濃度,E41在pH值為5.0-7.0、溫度為20.0-35.0℃和二甲四氯為唯一碳源時(shí)具有較好的降解效果,降解率最高為89.21%。降解動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,培養(yǎng)條件在28.0 ℃和pH=7.0時(shí)半衰期為1.7 d。以50.0 mg/L為起始濃度,E68在pH值為4.0-5.0、溫度為20.0-30.0 ℃和添加0.5%的葡萄糖時(shí)具有較好的降解效果,降解率最高為95.93%。降解動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,以50.0 mg/L為起始濃度,培養(yǎng)條件在28.0 ℃和pH=5.0時(shí),半衰期為3.0 d。4.二甲四氯降解產(chǎn)物鑒定使用氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀和液質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀,鑒定E41和E68號(hào)降解菌對(duì)二甲四氯的降解產(chǎn)物,并與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品進(jìn)行比對(duì),結(jié)果表明降解產(chǎn)物均為4-氯-2-甲基苯酚(4-Chloro-2-methylphenol)。對(duì)該降解產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行定量分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)5 d培養(yǎng),E41和E68號(hào)降解菌的降解產(chǎn)物含量分別為12.18 mg/L和1.41 mg/L,隨后其含量逐漸下降。5.降解菌在土壤中生物修復(fù)應(yīng)用在室內(nèi)條件下模擬研究降解菌對(duì)受二甲四氯污染土壤的修復(fù)效果,結(jié)果表明二甲四氯在未滅菌土壤、未滅菌土壤+E41和未滅菌土壤+E68號(hào)降解菌的三種處理中半衰期分別為12.84、2.07和4.62 d,在滅菌土壤、滅菌土壤+E41和滅菌土壤+E68號(hào)降解菌的半衰期分別為27.73、2.73和11.00d,在滅菌和不滅菌土壤中,添加降解菌的處理顯著提高土壤中二甲四氯的降解速度。以小白菜為靶標(biāo)生物,利用光照培養(yǎng)箱盆栽試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行植物藥害研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)接種E41或E68號(hào)降解菌處理的植株生長(zhǎng)情況均好于不接種降解菌的處理。以水稻為靶標(biāo)生物,利用光照培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)皿水培試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行降解液毒性研究,E41和E68號(hào)降解液毒性低于原始藥液毒性。
[Abstract]:Two a four chlorine (MCPA) is a selective, endogenous and hormonal phenoxy herbicide. It is used mainly for the prevention of a variety of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds and some monocotyledon weeds in small grain, rice, pea, and turf crops. This herbicide is widely used in Guangxi sugarcane fields and is used for interplanting and after cropping. In this experiment, two a four chlorine was used as the research object, mainly aimed at the screening and degradation characteristics of two a four chlorine degrading microorganism. From the plants of thatch, aeroplane grass and guava, the biodegradation strains of two a four chlorine were screened out for the degradation of two a, four chlorine and the soil remediation by microorganism. The main research results are as follows. The main results are as follows: 1. the screening of two a four chlorine degrading bacteria from plant samples such as thatch, aeroplane grass and guava, screened 5 strains of two a four chlorine by plate coating method and shake flask enrichment. Among them, 3 bacteria were named E47, E67 and E69, respectively. 2 strains of fungi named E41 and E68 respectively. Select the best endophytic fungi E41 and E68 as the main object of the study. The degradation characteristics of the bacteria were identified by the identification of the morphology and molecular biology of the.2. degrading bacteria. The sequence of E47, E67 and E69 16S rDNA sequence of the bacteria was identified. Analysis, respectively identified as Bacillus sp., Curtobacterium sp. and Curtobacterium sp.. ITS, TUB and LUS rDNA sequence analysis of fungal E41 and E68, combined with the morphological characteristics of fungi, respectively, to identify the degradation bacteria of Mycobacterium tumefaciens and carbonaceous fungi. The degradation effect of degrading bacteria to two a four chlorine was detected by liquid chromatography. The optimization and degradation kinetics of the strain E41 and E68 degradation of two a four chlorine (the optimum temperature, pH, nutrient source) were studied. The results showed that the initial concentration of 50 mg/L, E41 at pH value 5.0-7.0, temperature 20.0-35.0 and two a four chlorine When one carbon source has good degradation effect, the highest degradation rate is 89.21%. degradation kinetics test, which shows that the half life of the culture condition at 28 and pH=7.0 is 1.7 D. to 50 mg/L, E68 has a good degradation effect when pH value is 4.0-5.0, the temperature is 20.0-30.0 and 0.5% glucose, and the highest degradation rate is 9. The results of 5.93%. degradation kinetics show that the degradation products of E41 and E68 degrading bacteria to two a and four chlorine are identified with 50 mg/L as the initial concentration and the incubation conditions at 28 and pH=5.0 and 3 d.4. two a four chlorine degradation products to identify the degradation products of E41 and E68 degrading bacteria to four chlorine and compare with the standard products. The results show degradation The products were all 4- chloro -2- methyl phenol (4-Chloro-2-methylphenol). The degradation products were quantitatively analyzed. It was found that the degradation products of E41 and E68 degrading bacteria were 12.18 mg/L and 1.41 mg/L respectively after 5 d culture, and then the content of the degradation bacteria decreased gradually and the bioremediation of the bacteria in the soil was simulated under indoor conditions to simulate the degradation bacteria. The results of the remediation of two a four chlorine contaminated soil showed that the half-life of three treatments of two a four chlorine in the non sterilized soil, the non sterilized soil +E41 and the non sterilized soil +E68 degrading bacteria were 12.84,2.07 and 4.62 D respectively. In the sterilized soil, the half-life of the +E68 degrading bacteria in the sterilized soil +E41 and the sterilized soil were 27.73,2.73 and 11.00d, respectively. In the sterilized and non sterilized soil, the degradation rate of two a four chlorine in the soil was significantly improved. The plant drug damage was studied by the potted experiment of the light culture box. The results showed that the growth of the plants treated with E41 or E68 degrading bacteria was better than that of the non degrading bacteria. In order to target organisms, the toxicity of degradation liquid was studied using light culture box culture dish. The toxicity of E41 and E68 degradation liquor was lower than that of the original liquid.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X172;X592

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