發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-15 11:25

  本文選題：黑土 + 有機(jī)物料　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大豆是黑龍江省主要的糧食作物。長期以來土地過度開墾,化肥的大量使用,使土壤理化性狀下降,有機(jī)碳含量下降,作物品質(zhì)降低,急需增加碳投入、改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、改善作物質(zhì)量。本文以黑龍江省克山縣為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn),設(shè)置化肥配施秸稈全量還田(SNPK)、化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)、化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)和單施化肥(NPK)4個(gè)處理,采用田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),探討不同有機(jī)物料還田條件下,土壤有機(jī)碳含量、活性有機(jī)碳組分的變化情況,以及對(duì)大豆產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響,為黑土土壤肥力的保持與提高以及土壤持續(xù)利用提供理論基礎(chǔ),為大豆的高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過對(duì)不同有機(jī)物料還田對(duì)土壤水分入滲性能的試驗(yàn)表明,秸稈全量還田(SNPK)處理的土壤滲透性能最好;不同有機(jī)物料還田與單施化肥(對(duì)照)相比均能增加0.25-10mm機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性團(tuán)聚體含量和0.25mm水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體含量;不同有機(jī)物料處理均能降低土壤砂粒含量,增加土壤粘粒含量,有效地改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu);不同有機(jī)物料處理能夠增加0-20cm表層土壤堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀等速效養(yǎng)分含量,并且提高土壤全量養(yǎng)分含量,其中配施有機(jī)肥處理對(duì)土壤化學(xué)養(yǎng)分表現(xiàn)出了最佳的提升效果。秸稈還田表現(xiàn)出了對(duì)土壤物理性狀的良好改善效果。(2)研究不同有機(jī)物料還田條件下,黑土土壤活性有機(jī)碳及其組分的變化特征。結(jié)果表明,不同有機(jī)物料還田處理顯著提高土壤總有機(jī)碳含量,與單施化肥(NPK)相比,化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)、化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)、秸稈全量還田(SNPK)分別增加3.0%、2.4%、1.7%;不同有機(jī)物料還田措施下土壤水溶性有機(jī)碳含量分別增加46.3%、7.6%、14.2%;化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)對(duì)土壤易氧化有機(jī)碳含量起顯著的促進(jìn)作用,秸稈還田(SNPK)和化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)增加土壤微生物量碳17.2%和14.2%。化肥配施有機(jī)肥能提高水溶性有機(jī)碳比例和土壤微生物量碳比例。土壤活性有機(jī)碳各組分之間存在顯著相關(guān)性。有機(jī)肥與化肥的配施(MNPK)對(duì)于增加土壤活性有機(jī)碳含量和有效調(diào)控其關(guān)鍵組分具有重要作用。(3)對(duì)不同有機(jī)物料還田措施對(duì)大豆生長的研究顯示,不同有機(jī)物料還田能夠增加植株光合作用,提高大豆葉綠素含量,增加葉面積指數(shù),促進(jìn)作物生長,增加作物產(chǎn)量。與單施化肥(NPK)處理相比較,秸稈全量還田(SNPK)、化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)和化肥配施生物炭(BNPK)處理分別增產(chǎn)4.9%、11.8%、9.4%。(4)通過對(duì)不同有機(jī)物料還田措施對(duì)大豆品質(zhì)影響的試驗(yàn)表明,化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)處理的蛋白質(zhì)含量最高,秸稈全量還田(SNPK)處理的脂肪含量最高,與其它處理相比差異均達(dá)顯著性水平。
[Abstract]:Soybean is the main food crop in Heilongjiang Province. For a long time, the excessive reclamation of land and the extensive use of chemical fertilizers have led to the decline of soil physical and chemical properties, the decrease of organic carbon content and the decrease of crop quality. It is urgent to increase carbon input, improve soil structure and improve crop quality. In this paper, Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, was used to set up four treatments, SNPK, MNPK, BNPK and NPK), which were treated with chemical fertilizer in combination with straw to return to the field in full quantity, organic fertilizer with MNPK, chemical fertilizer with biological carbon (BNPK) and single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK). The field plot experiment was carried out. The changes of soil organic carbon content and active organic carbon components, and the effects on soybean yield and quality under different organic materials returning to the field were discussed, which provided a theoretical basis for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility in black soil and the sustainable use of soil. To provide scientific basis for soybean production with high yield and good quality. The results are as follows: (1) through the experiment on the soil water infiltration performance of different organic materials returning to the field, the results showed that the soil permeability was the best when the straw was returned to the field by SNPK. The content of 0.25-10mm mechanical stability aggregate and 0.25mm water stable aggregate could be increased by different organic materials returning to the field, and the soil sand content and soil clay content could be increased by different organic materials treatment. Different organic materials treatment could increase the contents of available nutrients such as alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, etc, and increase the total nutrient content of soil. Among them, organic fertilizer treatment showed the best effect on soil chemical nutrients. Straw returning to the field showed a good effect on the improvement of soil physical properties. (2) the change characteristics of soil active organic carbon and its components in black soil under different organic materials returning to the field were studied. The results showed that the soil total organic carbon content was significantly increased by different organic materials returning to the field, compared with NPK. MNPK, BNPK, SNPK, SNPK, SNPK increased by 3. 0 and 2. 4% respectively; the content of water soluble organic carbon in soil increased by 46. 3% and 7. 6% under different organic materials respectively; the organic fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer MNPK increased the content of easily oxidized organic matter in the soil, and the content of soil water soluble organic carbon was increased by 4. 3%, 7. 6% and 14. 2% respectively under the condition of different organic materials returning to the field; the application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MNPK) was easy to oxidize the organic matter Carbon content plays a significant role in promoting, SNPK and BNPK increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 17. 2% and 14. 2% respectively. The ratio of water soluble organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon could be increased by applying chemical fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer. There was a significant correlation between soil active organic carbon components. Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (MNPK) plays an important role in increasing soil active organic carbon content and effectively regulating its key components. Different organic materials can increase plant photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, increase leaf area index, promote crop growth and increase crop yield. Compared with NPK treatment, total straw returning to field, organic fertilizer MNPK) and chemical fertilizer combined with biochar (BNPK) treatment increased the yield of soybean, respectively. The effects of different organic materials on soybean quality were studied. The protein content was the highest in the chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MNPK) treatment, and the fat content was the highest in the total straw returning to field (SNPK) treatment, and the difference was significant compared with other treatments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S565.1

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