本文選題：氮礦化 + 土壤酶活性　； 參考：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤氮礦化速率常被作為反映土壤供氮能力的重要指標(biāo),分析不同林分類型土壤氮礦化能力以及土壤礦質(zhì)氮與土壤酶活性的相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)提高防護(hù)林的經(jīng)營(yíng)水平有重要意義。選取蘇北沿海地區(qū)楊樹(shù)和桑樹(shù)混交林,柳樹(shù)以及女貞、欒樹(shù)純林為研究對(duì)象,采用原位封頂連續(xù)培養(yǎng)法測(cè)定土壤礦質(zhì)氮在林分生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)中的變化,同時(shí)對(duì)4種林地土壤酶活性及土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析比較。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)4種不同林分土壤理化性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)出一定的差異性,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮含量表現(xiàn)為:柳樹(shù)林混交林女貞林欒樹(shù)林。土壤理化指標(biāo)沿土層顯現(xiàn)出垂直分布的規(guī)律。(2)4種林分下土壤中氨態(tài)氮含量大于硝態(tài)氮,其中氨態(tài)氮約占土壤礦質(zhì)氮的69.2%。不同林分土壤氨態(tài)氮含量表現(xiàn)為表層最大,并且隨著土層向下呈逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)。表層土壤中氨態(tài)氮含量為混交林柳樹(shù)林女貞林欒樹(shù)林。不同林分類型在生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)表層土壤中氨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮都呈現(xiàn)出一定的季節(jié)變化,在9月份含量都相對(duì)較高。土壤中的氨態(tài)氮含量變化與硝態(tài)氮的變化一致。(3)4種林分土壤氮礦化的季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)研究結(jié)果表明,土壤氨化量、硝化量變化趨勢(shì)相似,二者含量均在7月份達(dá)到最大值,且明顯高于其他培養(yǎng)季節(jié)�；旖涣至值赝寥乐邪被亢拖趸烤绕渌址指摺Ｔ诹址稚L(zhǎng)季節(jié),4種林分土壤中的氨化量均高于硝化量。土壤氮礦化速率大小為混交林柳樹(shù)林女貞林欒樹(shù)林,4種林分土壤凈硝化速率季節(jié)變化趨勢(shì)與凈礦化速率的趨勢(shì)相似,尤其表現(xiàn)在表層土壤方面。經(jīng)計(jì)算,4種林分土表層壤中凈礦化速率遠(yuǎn)高于凈硝化速率。土壤氨化量、硝化量和礦化速率均隨著土層向下呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢(shì)。(4)對(duì)4種林分類型土壤酶活性月際動(dòng)態(tài)變化研究表明,不同林分土壤酶活性變化情況不一,存在一定差異性。各林分在生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)脲酶活性均是逐漸升高的,只有在七月份有一個(gè)小幅度的降低。過(guò)氧化氫酶蔗糖酶、蛋白酶在7月份達(dá)到最高值。由方差分析可知,女貞林、欒樹(shù)林與混交林、柳樹(shù)林之間存在極顯著差異(P0.01)。沿土層垂直方向上,表層土壤酶活性最大,且呈現(xiàn)遞減趨勢(shì)。同一樣地土壤酶活性在不同土層間存在顯著差異(P0.05)。(5)相關(guān)性分析表明:土壤酶與氮礦化速率、氨化量、硝化量間有顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05)。土壤氮礦化速率與養(yǎng)分因子有顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05),而與土壤含水率和PH值間無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05)。土壤酶活性與土壤養(yǎng)分間的相關(guān)性很好,這也說(shuō)明,土壤酶活性可以用來(lái)反映土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:The rate of soil nitrogen mineralization is often used as an important index to reflect the ability of soil nitrogen supply. It is important to analyze the relationship between soil nitrogen mineralization ability of different stand types and soil enzyme activity in order to improve the management level of shelterbelt. The pure forests of poplar and mulberry trees, willow, privet and Luan are selected as the research objects in the coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, and the changes of soil mineral nitrogen in the growing season of stands were determined by continuous culture method of in situ capping. At the same time, the soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties of four kinds of forest land were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of four different stands were different, and the contents of soil organic matter and nitrogen were as follows: Luan forest of Ligustrum virginum forest in mixed willow forest. The soil physicochemical index showed vertical distribution rule. The content of ammonia nitrogen in soil was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen under four stands. Ammonia-N accounted for 69.2% of the mineral nitrogen in soil. The content of NH3-N in different stands was the highest in the surface layer and decreased gradually with the soil layer down. The content of NH3-N in surface soil was mixed willow forest and Luan forest. Different stand types showed seasonal changes in both ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in topsoil during growing season, and the contents of ammonia and nitrate were relatively high in September. The seasonal dynamic study of nitrogen mineralization in four stands showed that the change trend of soil ammoniation and nitrification was similar, and both of them reached the maximum in July. And it was obviously higher than other culture seasons. The amount of ammoniation and nitrification in mixed forest soil was higher than that in other stands. The amount of ammoniation was higher than that of nitrification in the soil of four stands in the growing season. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate was similar to that in the surface soil, especially in the surface soil. The net mineralization rate in the surface soil of the four forest stands was much higher than that in the nitrification soil. Soil ammoniation amount, nitrification rate and mineralization rate all showed a decreasing trend along with the soil layer downward. The monthly dynamic changes of soil enzyme activity of four stand types were studied. The results showed that the change of soil enzyme activity was different among different stands. There are certain differences. The urease activity of each stand increased gradually in the growing season, and only decreased by a small margin in July. Catalase, sucrase, protease reached its highest value in July. According to the analysis of variance, there was a significant difference between Ligustrum privet forest, Luan forest and mixed forest and willow forest. In the vertical direction of soil layer, the enzyme activity of surface soil was the largest, and showed a decreasing trend. The correlation analysis between soil enzyme activity and nitrogen mineralization rate, ammoniation rate, nitrification amount in different soil layers showed that there was a significant correlation between soil enzyme activity and nitrogen mineralization rate (P 0.05). There was a significant correlation between soil nitrogen mineralization rate and nutrient factors, but no significant correlation with soil moisture content and PH value. The correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients is very good, which also indicates that soil enzyme activity can be used to reflect soil fertility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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