本文選題：安太堡露天礦 + 不同恢復(fù)模式��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究對(duì)安太堡露天礦南排土場(chǎng)復(fù)墾17年后的喬灌混合恢復(fù)模式與喬木恢復(fù)模式進(jìn)行比較,分析了不同植被恢復(fù)模式下喬、灌木種群數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài)變化、更新與演替方向以及土壤質(zhì)量的變化,并運(yùn)用回歸分析、主成分分析等方法闡明了植物與土壤之間的對(duì)位關(guān)系,提出了較為有效的恢復(fù)模式。研究結(jié)果如下：從存活率來看,初期種植樹種的總存活率由大到小依次為模式1(刺槐×榆樹×臭椿)模式2(刺槐純林)模式4(刺槐×沙棗×沙棘×榆樹)模式3(刺槐×檸條錦雞兒×沙棘)。從喬木重要值來看,喬木總胸高斷面積從大到小表現(xiàn)為模式1模式2模式4模式3。從更新情況來看,更新個(gè)體數(shù)量從多到少依次為模式3模式2模式4模式1,其中,對(duì)更新個(gè)體中喬木(胸徑在3 cm以下)和灌木(基徑在1 cm以下)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其個(gè)體總數(shù)占各模式所有個(gè)體總數(shù)的比例從大到小依次為模式2模式1模式3模式4。模式1初期種植個(gè)體總存活率最高,喬木刺槐的存活率最高且年齡結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,喬木總胸高斷面積最大,成熟個(gè)體所占比例也較高,臭椿和榆樹的更新個(gè)體也較豐富,但調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)初期種植榆樹全部死亡,因此該模式中榆樹的生長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)還需繼續(xù)觀察研究；模式2總存活率也較高,刺槐更新個(gè)體較多,但在徑級(jí)為3 cm≤DBH4cm時(shí)個(gè)體數(shù)為0,發(fā)展遇到瓶頸；入侵種榆樹數(shù)量少,生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力弱,預(yù)計(jì)將逐漸消失；模式3雖然更新個(gè)體較多,但初期種植的刺槐和沙棘全部死亡,調(diào)查到的刺槐和榆樹均為小齡級(jí)的更新個(gè)體且數(shù)量很少,生存能力較弱,檸條錦雞兒更新個(gè)體較多,儲(chǔ)備充足,因此該模式預(yù)計(jì)將逐漸演替為檸條錦雞兒純林；模式4初期種植的刺槐和沙棘死亡率較高,榆樹和沙棗死亡率較低,榆樹更新個(gè)體豐富且年齡結(jié)構(gòu)較為穩(wěn)定,沙棘多為小齡級(jí)個(gè)體,更新個(gè)體豐富,沙棗成熟個(gè)體多但更新個(gè)體少�？傮w而言,喬木恢復(fù)模式(模式1和2)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r要比喬灌混合恢復(fù)模式(模式3和4)要好,其中模式1優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。與南排土場(chǎng)附近未被破壞的原地貌土壤相比,各模式土壤pH值均低于原地貌,土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和速效鉀含量都高于原地貌,按照不同恢復(fù)模式土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和0～20 cm表層土壤速效鉀含量由高至低依次為模式4模式2模式3模式1。破解氮和速效磷含量低于原地貌。在同一剖面內(nèi),20～40 cm土層的絕大多數(shù)土壤養(yǎng)分含量低于0～20 cm表層,且土壤質(zhì)量各指標(biāo)之間相關(guān)性均不顯著。刺槐和榆樹種群平均密度、平均胸徑和平均高度與5種土壤質(zhì)量指標(biāo)的線性擬合度較高。主成分分析結(jié)果顯示,5種土壤質(zhì)量指標(biāo)對(duì)刺槐和榆樹種群的影響效果程度依次為速效磷破解氮有機(jī)質(zhì)pH速效鉀�；貧w模型對(duì)于刺槐和榆樹的栽培和繁殖具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In this study, the mixed restoration models of Arbor and shrub were compared with those of Arbor after 17 years of reclamation in the south dump of Antaibao opencast Mine, and the dynamic changes of population number of Arbor and shrubs were analyzed under different vegetation restoration models. The relationship between plant and soil was clarified by regression analysis and principal component analysis, and a more effective restoration model was put forward. The results are as follows: in terms of survival rate, The total survival rate of the initial planting tree species was in the order of model 1 (Robinia pseudoacacia 脳 elm 脳 Ailanthus), model 2 (pure Robinia pseudoacacia), model 4 (Robinia pseudoacacia 脳 seabuckthorn 脳 elm), model 3 (Robinia korshinskii 脳 Caragana korshinensis 脳 Hippophae rhamnoides). From the value of Arbor importance, the total chest height sectional area of Arbor is shown as mode 1, mode 2, mode 4, mode 3 from large to small. From the perspective of update, the number of individuals updating is mode 3, mode 2, mode 4, mode 1, where, According to the statistics of tree (DBH < 3 cm) and shrub (base diameter less than 1 cm), it was found that the proportion of total individuals to all individuals in each model was in order of mode 2, mode 1, mode 3, mode 4. The survival rate of tree Robinia pseudoacacia was the highest and the age structure was stable at the beginning of mode 1, the total chest height of Arbor was the largest, the proportion of mature individuals was also higher, and the regeneration individuals of Toona sinensis and elm were also rich. However, it was found that all elms were dead in the early planting period, so the growth trend of elms in this model should be observed and studied, and the total survival rate of mode 2 was also higher, and the number of renewing individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia was higher. But when the diameter grade is 3 cm 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：1874053