本文選題：灌區(qū)水位 + 微控制器��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：三江平原是我國重要的商品糧基地,因為其具備非常豐富的水土資源環(huán)境,這為大規(guī)模的發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)提供了極為有利的天然條件。從1954年起,國家開始投入大量人力、物力、財力開發(fā)三江平原,這為三江平原的發(fā)展提供了便利的人和、天時。隨著大量現(xiàn)代化、機械化國營農(nóng)場的建立,每年都有大量的荒地被開墾成良田,耕地的迅速增大極大的刺激了農(nóng)業(yè)用水、生活用水的開采和消耗。在開發(fā)建設(shè)三江平原的初期,無論是地表水資源,還是地下水資源都是比較豐富的。因此,當時國家對水資源的政策主要以防洪、排澇為主,大力發(fā)展水利設(shè)施建設(shè),全力開采水資源以滿足快速發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)用水需求。這些政策沒有綜合考慮到農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展與周邊水資源環(huán)境需求變化,造成了以下灌區(qū)水資源環(huán)境問題:(1)三江平原灌區(qū)98%的用水以開采地下水為主,地下水資源一旦過量開采,需要比地表水更長的恢復(fù)周期。當灌區(qū)地下水資源被農(nóng)藥、化肥污染時,對污染的治理方法是十分復(fù)雜和困難的。(2)三江平原灌區(qū)具有十分豐富的地下水資源,由于近幾十年灌區(qū)對地下水的過度開采,導(dǎo)致了灌區(qū)地下水位已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)了水位下降的現(xiàn)象。(3)三江平原灌區(qū)對境內(nèi)水資源幾十年的開采,改變了原有的地下水資源分布格局,有些農(nóng)場出現(xiàn)了灌溉季節(jié)居民用水緊張的局面,影響了周邊城市居民的用水需求,例如佳木斯、鶴崗。(4)三江平原的水質(zhì)生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞,隨著農(nóng)場工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,生活廢水和工業(yè)廢水的排放污染了灌區(qū)地表水與地下水,導(dǎo)致了三江平原區(qū)域水位的污染和下降,一些原始的濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境受到極大影響。灌區(qū)在保證農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉、支持社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面占據(jù)著不可替代的地位。對灌區(qū)水位的數(shù)據(jù)進行監(jiān)測,是顯示我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平的一個重要組成部分。以往的灌區(qū)水位數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測大多是人工現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測,獲得的水位數(shù)據(jù)不夠全面、不夠準確,不能及時進行灌區(qū)水位數(shù)據(jù)的采集與傳輸。本研究將超聲波測量水位技術(shù)和GPRS無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)成功應(yīng)用到三江平原灌區(qū)水位監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中,并且為水文監(jiān)測單位監(jiān)控中心設(shè)計了上位機監(jiān)測軟件。本論文的主要工作內(nèi)容如下:(1)首先,對三江平原灌區(qū)水位監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)需求進行研究、分析,完成對灌區(qū)水位監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計。(2)其次,對灌區(qū)水位數(shù)據(jù)終端采集模塊進行設(shè)計,采用STC12C5A60S2微控制器為主控芯片,使用C語言編寫控制程序,完成水位信息的采集。選擇太陽能供電模塊為系統(tǒng)電源,保證了水位數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊在野外工作時的供電。(3)選擇華為公司開發(fā)設(shè)計的GTM900為水位數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸模塊,對組網(wǎng)方案進行設(shè)計,保證了水位數(shù)據(jù)自動、準確的傳輸給遠程監(jiān)控中心上位機。(4)最后,根據(jù)灌區(qū)水位中心的實際需求,基于Visual Basic語言實現(xiàn)了對水位數(shù)據(jù)的顯示、存儲以及根據(jù)實時變化的水位數(shù)據(jù)繪制曲線圖形,工作人員可以設(shè)置上限、下限水位值,當超過設(shè)定的水位值時,軟件會發(fā)出警報提醒工作人員。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang plain is an important commodity grain base in China, because it has a very rich soil and water resources environment, which provides very favorable natural conditions for the large-scale development of modern agriculture. From 1954, the state began to invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to develop the Sanjiang plain, which provided convenience for the development of the Sanjiang plain. With the establishment of a large number of modernized and mechanized state-run farms, a large number of wasteland has been reclaimed every year, and the rapid increase of cultivated land has greatly stimulated the agricultural water use and the exploitation and consumption of domestic water. In the early stage of the development and construction of the Sanjiang plain, both the surface water resources and the groundwater resources were relatively rich. At that time, the national policy of water resources was mainly based on flood control and drainage, vigorously developing water conservancy facilities and fully exploiting water resources to meet the rapid development of agricultural water demand. These policies did not take into account the development of agriculture and the changes in the surrounding water resources and environment needs, resulting in the water resources and environment problems in the following irrigation areas: (1) Sanjiang In the plain irrigation area, 98% of water is mainly used to exploit groundwater. Once the groundwater resources are overexploited, the recovery period is longer than that of the surface water. When the groundwater resources in the irrigation area are polluted by pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the treatment method for pollution is very complicated and difficult. (2) the irrigation area in Sanjiang plain has very rich groundwater resources, because of the near dozens of groundwater resources. Over exploitation of groundwater in the annual irrigation area, the groundwater level in the irrigated area has begun to decline. (3) the exploitation of domestic water resources in the Sanjiang plain irrigation area has changed the distribution pattern of the original groundwater resources for several decades, and some farms have appeared the situation of water shortage in the irrigation season, affecting the residents in the surrounding cities. The water demand, such as Jiamusi and Hegang. (4) the water quality and ecological environment of the Sanjiang plain has been destroyed. With the development of the farm industry and agriculture, the discharge of domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater pollutes the surface water and groundwater in the irrigated area, resulting in the pollution and decline of the regional water level in the Sanjiang plain, and some original wetland ecological environment has been greatly affected. The irrigation area plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring agricultural irrigation and supporting social and economic development. Monitoring the data of the water level in the irrigation area is an important part of the level of agricultural modernization in our country. The previous monitoring of the water level data in the past is mostly artificial site monitoring, and the data obtained are not comprehensive and accurate. The water level data of the irrigation area can not be collected and transmitted in time. This study successfully applied the ultrasonic measurement water level technology and GPRS wireless data transmission technology to the water level monitoring system of the Sanjiang plain irrigation area, and designed the upper computer monitoring software for the monitoring center of the hydrological monitoring units. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) first, The demand of water level monitoring system in Sanjiang plain irrigation area is studied and analyzed. (2) Secondly, the design of the terminal acquisition module of the water level data of the irrigation area is designed, the STC12C5A60S2 micro controller is used as the main control chip, the control program is written in the C language, the water level information is collected and the solar energy is selected. The power supply module is the power supply of the system, which ensures the power supply of the water level data acquisition module in the field. (3) select the GTM900 designed by HUAWEI for the transmission module of the water level data, design the network scheme, ensure the water level data automatically and accurately transmit to the remote monitoring center upper computer. (4) finally, according to the water level center of the irrigation area The actual demand is based on the Visual Basic language to display the water level data, store the water level data and draw the curves according to the real-time changing water level data. The staff can set upper limit and lower water level value. When the water level is exceeded, the software will alert the staff.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S274;S126

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