發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 22:39

  本文選題：沼液沼渣 + 沼肥采運(yùn)車�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國沼氣工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,沼液沼渣的處理和利用成為人們亟待面對和解決的迫切問題,實(shí)踐表明,沼液沼渣是優(yōu)質(zhì)的有機(jī)肥和生物農(nóng)藥,但由于國內(nèi)缺乏液態(tài)沼肥的機(jī)械化施肥技術(shù)和裝備,目前現(xiàn)有的機(jī)械也僅停留在功能上的實(shí)現(xiàn),未有成形的研究方案和研究方法。本課題來源于“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目“寒冷地區(qū)干濕耦合發(fā)酵氣、熱、電聯(lián)供技術(shù)集成與示范”(課題編號:2011BAD15B04)。本文的研究目的是設(shè)計出用于存儲沼肥并能安全運(yùn)輸?shù)膬尴到y(tǒng),同時研制出氣力吸排系統(tǒng)使其在功能上實(shí)現(xiàn)沼肥的吸入和排放,為研制出集采集、運(yùn)輸、均勻性施肥功能為一體的沼肥采運(yùn)車,提供可行的理論支持和技術(shù)模式。論文基于全面系統(tǒng)的研究路線,在遵循理論分析與虛擬軟件仿真相結(jié)合的原則下,就沼肥采運(yùn)車的儲罐和吸排系統(tǒng)做了深入系統(tǒng)的研究。(1)通過理論分析確定儲罐系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計參數(shù)以及核心零部件的選型設(shè)計,使用CATIA軟件進(jìn)行虛擬樣機(jī)三維建模的構(gòu)建,應(yīng)用流體軟件FLUENT中的VOF多相流模型對采運(yùn)車緊急制動時不同充料比下罐體內(nèi)沼肥晃動進(jìn)行晃動分析和數(shù)值模擬,使用CATIA有限元分析模塊對儲罐系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行工程分析,并依據(jù)計算結(jié)果調(diào)整儲罐系統(tǒng)設(shè)計并優(yōu)化其結(jié)構(gòu)。運(yùn)用相似理論量綱分析法確定儲罐模型的幾何尺寸及試驗參數(shù),模型試驗中前防浪板迎峰面所受的沖擊力計算值與原型中的數(shù)值模擬值存在近似1:64的比例關(guān)系,模型試驗結(jié)果可推廣至原型。(2)設(shè)計出氣力吸排系統(tǒng)使其在功能上實(shí)現(xiàn)沼肥的吸入和均勻排放。應(yīng)用流體力學(xué)知識對沼肥的吸入和排放進(jìn)行了理論計算,得到了吸入作業(yè)時儲罐內(nèi)的真空度和均勻性施肥的壓力方程。依據(jù)理論分析得到儲罐系統(tǒng)在均勻施肥過程中的總耗氣量和單位時間最大耗氣量,根據(jù)施肥過程中儲罐耗氣量確定真空泵及氣力吸排系統(tǒng)中其他核心零部件的選型及設(shè)計。(3)針對沼肥采運(yùn)車在田間施肥過程中因出肥口處壓力不穩(wěn)定,導(dǎo)致施肥不均勻的問題,設(shè)計了以PLC為控制單元以電磁閥為執(zhí)行部件的均勻性施肥控制系統(tǒng)。變壓力施肥控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計包括PLC的資源配置、A/D輸入模塊和傳感器的選型;軟件部分使用GX Developer編寫出施肥系統(tǒng)均勻性施肥的控制程序,使用GX Simulator對控制程序進(jìn)行了仿真和調(diào)試,并依據(jù)調(diào)試結(jié)果對程序進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。研究結(jié)果表明儲罐系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計可有效解決沼肥的存儲和安全運(yùn)輸,自動化程度較高的氣力吸排系統(tǒng)可方便快捷的進(jìn)行沼肥的吸入和排放作業(yè),基于PLC的變壓力施肥控制系統(tǒng)精確調(diào)控儲罐出肥口處壓力的隨動性,達(dá)到均勻性施肥作業(yè)要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of biogas industry in China, the treatment and utilization of biogas residue has become an urgent problem that people need to face and solve urgently. The practice shows that biogas residue is high quality organic fertilizer and biological pesticide. However, due to the lack of mechanized fertilization technology and equipment of liquid biogas fertilizer in China, the existing machinery is only in the realization of function, and there is no formal research scheme and research method. This subject comes from the 12th Five-Year Plan supported by the National Science and Technology support Program, "dry and wet coupled fermentation gas, heat, union supply technology integration and demonstration" (subject number: 2011BAD15B04). The purpose of this paper is to design a storage tank system which can store and transport biogas fertilizer safely. At the same time, a pneumatic suction and drainage system is developed to realize the suction and discharge of biogas fertilizer. The biogas fertilizer collecting and transporting vehicle with uniform fertilization function provides feasible theoretical support and technical model. Based on the comprehensive and systematic research route, the paper follows the principle of combining theoretical analysis with virtual software simulation. In this paper, the storage tank and suction system of the biogas fertilizer truck are studied systematically. The design parameters of the tank system and the selection design of the core parts are determined by theoretical analysis, and the 3D modeling of the virtual prototype is constructed by using CATIA software. The VOF multiphase flow model of fluid software FLUENT is used to analyze and simulate the sloshing of biogas fertilizer sloshing in the tank under different filling ratios during emergency braking. The CATIA finite element analysis module is used to analyze the tank system. According to the calculation results, the tank system is designed and optimized. The geometric dimensions and test parameters of the tank model are determined by using the dimensional analysis method of similarity theory. There is a ratio of approximately 1:64 between the calculated values of the impact force on the front face of the anti-wave plate in the model test and the numerical simulation value in the prototype. The model test results can be extended to prototype. 2) Pneumatic suction and drainage system is designed to realize the function of suction and even discharge of biogas fertilizer. The suction and discharge of biogas fertilizer were calculated by using hydrodynamic knowledge, and the pressure equations of vacuum degree and uniformity of fertilization in the tank during suction operation were obtained. According to the theoretical analysis, the total air consumption and the maximum gas consumption per unit time of the tank system in the process of uniform fertilization are obtained. According to the air consumption of storage tank in the process of fertilization, the selection and design of other core parts in vacuum pump and pneumatic suction and drainage system are determined. Aiming at the problem that the pressure at the fertilizer outlet is unstable in the field fertilization process of the biogas fertilizer pick-up vehicle, it leads to the uneven application of fertilizer. The homogenization fertilization control system with PLC as control unit and solenoid valve as executive component was designed. The hardware design of variable-pressure fertilization control system includes the selection of PLC resource allocation / A / D input module and sensor, and the software part uses GX Developer to write the control program of fertilization system homogenization. The control program is simulated and debugged by using GX Simulator, and the program is optimized according to the debugging results. The results show that the design of storage tank system can effectively solve the storage and safe transportation of biogas fertilizer, and the pneumatic suction and drainage system with high degree of automation can be used to inhale and discharge biogas fertilizer conveniently and quickly. The variable pressure fertilization control system based on PLC can accurately control the pressure following at the outlet of the tank to meet the requirements of uniform fertilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S224.2

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本文編號：1871262