發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-10 09:39

  本文選題：玉米苗期 + 穴施肥��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：玉米苗期穴施肥可以充分提高肥料利用率,降低殘留對土壤的污染,提高施肥準(zhǔn)確度并增加產(chǎn)量,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著增漲。目前常見的施肥機(jī)主要有兩種形式條溝撒施機(jī)具、定距液態(tài)穴施肥機(jī),其中條溝撒施機(jī)具肥料利用率過低,定距液態(tài)施肥機(jī)株距調(diào)節(jié)困難,且扎穴準(zhǔn)確度低,結(jié)構(gòu)相對復(fù)雜,成本較高,容易受前進(jìn)速度的影響。為實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米苗期施肥的高效、精準(zhǔn)和節(jié)能化,必須改善傳統(tǒng)的施肥方式,減少不必要的投入和污染,才能在生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用。根據(jù)東北地區(qū)中耕施肥的農(nóng)藝作業(yè)方式,參照農(nóng)機(jī)和農(nóng)藝的設(shè)計(jì)思想,對穴施肥機(jī)核心控制機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)分析、三維建模與仿真分析和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理分析,設(shè)計(jì)研制出了符合田間需求的玉米苗期精準(zhǔn)穴施肥機(jī)構(gòu)。針對目前施肥技術(shù)的缺點(diǎn)和存在的空白,本機(jī)構(gòu)在機(jī)架上配裝傳感靠苗針、微力放大離合裝置、施肥機(jī)構(gòu),以及離合脫離裝置。該機(jī)構(gòu)通過傳感靠苗針探測玉米苗期近根莖稈后,激活微力放大裝置,觸發(fā)離合器嚙合,待施肥裝置完成一次單株施肥后,離合脫離裝置完成脫離工作,從而完成一次精準(zhǔn)施肥,提高了施肥精準(zhǔn)度,并從很大程度上增加了肥料利用率,實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)精準(zhǔn)穴施肥。該機(jī)構(gòu)由液壓輸出軸給予主動(dòng)力,避免了大功率輸出動(dòng)力的使用。針對機(jī)械式觸碰識別裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)分析和觸碰計(jì)算,設(shè)計(jì)了靠苗機(jī)構(gòu)和微力放大裝置,并對玉米苗期莖稈抗彎應(yīng)力進(jìn)行計(jì)算,測試出最大承受極限,突破現(xiàn)在技術(shù)依賴與圖像和光學(xué)后處理依賴的局限性,有效應(yīng)對與天氣等環(huán)境影響,從本質(zhì)上提高了識別裝置的適應(yīng)性。對于定距施肥的不可調(diào)缺點(diǎn),采用離合裝置和脫離機(jī)構(gòu)完成了自動(dòng)激活和脫離的基本設(shè)計(jì),可實(shí)現(xiàn)完全自動(dòng)脫離和嚙合,打破現(xiàn)有定距施肥出現(xiàn)的滑移累積導(dǎo)致扎穴串位的問題,提高機(jī)構(gòu)可行性,為下一步試驗(yàn)和研究創(chuàng)造新的空間。在固態(tài)穴施肥的現(xiàn)在技術(shù)中設(shè)計(jì)出旋轉(zhuǎn)扎穴式施肥套筒,可避免壅土堵肥等現(xiàn)象,分析施肥傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的受力和變形情況,提出不利問題和改善方向,進(jìn)而分析產(chǎn)生原因和影響因素,為進(jìn)一步改善和優(yōu)化奠定基礎(chǔ)。仿真了機(jī)構(gòu)在土壤層間的作業(yè)動(dòng)作也運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,分析了機(jī)具在土壤中的速度、加速度、受力和時(shí)間效率等參數(shù),對現(xiàn)有設(shè)計(jì)闡述運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,提出設(shè)計(jì)問題,和出現(xiàn)的缺陷,找出產(chǎn)生原因,闡述出現(xiàn)此現(xiàn)象的依據(jù),并通過理論分析施肥裝置的工作機(jī)理,細(xì)化設(shè)計(jì)思路并設(shè)計(jì)改善和優(yōu)化方向�；诳梢苿�(dòng)式搭載土槽的臺車試驗(yàn)臺對重要機(jī)構(gòu)對應(yīng)的工作參數(shù)進(jìn)行了單因素試驗(yàn),并在之后做出相應(yīng)的多因素目標(biāo)試驗(yàn)研究,得出最優(yōu)方案區(qū)域,采用三因素五水平二次正交回歸旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)方法,可得出在動(dòng)力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速為16.5r/min,臺車前進(jìn)速度為1.25m/s,靠苗針高度在5mm~6mm條件下進(jìn)行穴施肥試驗(yàn),其機(jī)構(gòu)工作參數(shù)范圍處于較優(yōu)區(qū)域。驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明:穴株擬合度為66.2%,傷苗率為10%,結(jié)果接近優(yōu)化區(qū)間,可作為穴施肥機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)的參考。
[Abstract]:Fertilizing in maize seedling stage can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce the pollution of the residue to the soil, improve the accuracy of fertilization and increase the yield, and increase the economic benefit significantly. At present, there are two kinds of common fertilizing machines, which are mainly in the form of grooves, and fixed distance liquid acupoint fertilizing machine. In order to achieve high efficiency, precision and energy saving in the seedling period of maize, it is necessary to improve the traditional fertilization methods, reduce unnecessary input and pollution, and can be widely used in production. According to the design idea of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the mechanism innovation design, parameter analysis, 3D modeling and simulation analysis and experimental data processing analysis are carried out on the core control mechanism of the acupoint fertilizing machine. And the existing blank, the mechanism is installed on the frame with sensing needle, micro force amplification and separation device, fertilization mechanism, and separation and separation device. The mechanism activates the micro force magnifying device by sensing the seedling needle to detect the near root stem of maize seedling, triggers the clutch engagement, and after a single plant fertilizes the fertilizing device, the separation and separation device is completed. A precise fertilization is completed, the precision of fertilization is improved, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is increased to a large extent, and the automatic precise point fertilization is realized. The mechanism is provided by the hydraulic output shaft to avoid the use of high power output power. We have designed a seedling mechanism and a micro force amplification device, and calculated the bending stress of the stem of Maize at the seedling stage, tested the maximum endurance limit, break through the limitations of the dependence on the technology dependence and the image and optical post-processing, effectively respond to the weather and other environmental effects, and in essence improve the adaptability of the identification device. The basic design of automatic activation and disengagement has been completed by the clutch device and disengagement mechanism. It can realize complete automatic separation and engagement, break the problem of sliding accumulation in the existing fixed distance fertilization and lead to the string of holes, improve the feasibility of the mechanism, create new space for the next experiment and research. In the technology, the rotary and ligation manure sleeve can be designed to avoid the phenomenon of blocking the soil and blocking the fertilizer, analyzing the force and deformation of the fertilizer transmission mechanism, putting forward the unfavorable problems and improving the direction, analyzing the causes and influencing factors, and laying the foundation for the further improvement and optimization. It analyzes the parameters of speed, acceleration, force and time and efficiency in the soil, expounds the motion laws of the existing design, puts forward the design problems, and presents the defects, finds out the causes, expounds the basis for this phenomenon, and analyzes the working mechanism of the fertilizer device by theory, refines the design ideas and designs the improvement and optimization methods. On the basis of a single factor test on the working parameters corresponding to the important mechanism based on a movable slots, the corresponding multi factor target test is made and the optimal scheme area is obtained. The rotational speed of the power output shaft is 16. with three factors and five levels and two times orthogonal regression rotation combination test. 5r/min, the speed of the trolley is 1.25m/s, and the needle height of the needle is tested under the condition of 5mm~6mm. The working parameters of the mechanism are in the better area. The results show that the fitting degree of the acupoint plant is 66.2% and the rate of the injured seedling is 10%. The result is close to the optimized interval, and it can be used as a reference for further optimization of the experiment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S224.2

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本文編號：1868797