本文選題：硒含量 + 硒礦粉�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：硒是一種動(dòng)物體必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,同時(shí)也是對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)有益的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素。硒在地殼中的含量為0.05×10-6,一般很難形成工業(yè)富集。在地殼中呈一定的帶狀分布。研究表明世界上有超過(guò)40個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)處于缺硒生態(tài)環(huán)境之中,涉及人口已超過(guò)1.5×109人。因此開(kāi)發(fā)富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品栽培種植技術(shù)成為必然趨勢(shì)。我國(guó)硒資源總量豐富,位居世界第4位,但分布極不均勻,硒資源主要集中在在中南和西北地。我國(guó)有超過(guò)2/3的地區(qū)處于缺硒生態(tài)環(huán)境中,有超過(guò)7×109人生活在低缺硒地區(qū)。鑒于硒資源分布的不均衡特性,高硒區(qū)也存在低硒土壤,低缺硒地區(qū)大范圍存在,作物富硒技術(shù)的研究成為社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),對(duì)國(guó)民生活具有意義重大。探討不同作物在不同硒含量土壤條件下的栽培模式,是開(kāi)發(fā)富硒產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)重要基礎(chǔ)。本文以江西省豐城市董家鎮(zhèn)富硒土壤和非富硒土壤進(jìn)行水稻、黃瓜、茄子、苦瓜的富硒栽培及后效應(yīng)試驗(yàn)。在山東省淄博市博山區(qū)上水銀花金銀花種植基地,進(jìn)行金銀花硒礦粉施距離、施用量及后效應(yīng)試驗(yàn)。為這幾種作物的富硒栽培提高科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)不同土壤條件對(duì)早稻有效穗、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重影響顯著,對(duì)實(shí)粒數(shù)和產(chǎn)量影響極顯著。富硒土壤處理平均有效穗(18.77萬(wàn)穗/667m2)顯著低于非富硒土壤處理平均有效穗(19.63萬(wàn)穗/667m2)：富硒土壤處理平均實(shí)粒數(shù)(94.90粒/穗)極顯著高于非富硒土壤處理平均實(shí)粒數(shù)(88.76粒/穗)；富硒土壤處理平均結(jié)實(shí)率(82.76%)顯著高于非富硒土壤處理平均結(jié)實(shí)率(80.74%)；富硒土壤處理平均千粒重(27.50g)顯著高于非富硒土壤處理平均千粒重(27.40g)；富硒土壤處理平均產(chǎn)量(482.05 Kg/667m2)顯著高于非富硒土壤處理平均產(chǎn)量(453.37 Kg/667m2)。這說(shuō)明土壤硒含量會(huì)降低水稻的有效穗,但能提高水稻的實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和產(chǎn)量。(2)不同硒礦粉施用量對(duì)早稻有效穗、實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和產(chǎn)量影響極顯著。有效穗最多的處理是B1(20.06萬(wàn)穗/667m2),極顯著高于其他處理；實(shí)粒數(shù)最少的處理是B1(85.38粒/穗),極顯著低于其他處理；結(jié)實(shí)率最低的處理是B1(74.63%),極顯著低于其他處理；千粒重最小的處理是Bl(26.72g),極顯著低于其他處理；產(chǎn)量最低的是B1(441.43Kg/667m2),極顯著低于其他處理。這說(shuō)明施用硒礦粉會(huì)降低有效穗,但可以提高結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和總產(chǎn)量。(3)不同土壤條件對(duì)晚稻有效穗影響不顯著；對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響顯著；對(duì)千粒重、實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率影響極顯著。富硒土壤處理有效穗(16.0萬(wàn)穗/667m：)與非富硒土壤處理(15.4萬(wàn)穗/667m2)差異不顯著；富硒土壤處理實(shí)粒數(shù)(99.9粒/穗)極顯著高于非富硒土壤處理實(shí)粒數(shù)(91.1粒/穗)；富硒土壤處理結(jié)實(shí)率(70.02%)顯著高于非富硒土壤處理結(jié)實(shí)率(67.66%)：富硒土壤處理千粒重(27.50g)極顯著高于非富硒土壤處理千粒重(27.40g)：富硒土壤處理產(chǎn)量(374.61 Kg/667m2)顯著高于非富硒土壤處理產(chǎn)量(364.74 Kg/667m2)。這說(shuō)明土壤硒含量會(huì)降低水稻的有效穗,但能提高水稻的實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和總產(chǎn)量。(4)不同硒礦粉施用量對(duì)晚稻有效穗、實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重、產(chǎn)量的影響極顯著。有效穗最多的處理是B1(16.75萬(wàn)穗/667m2),極顯著高于其他處理；實(shí)粒數(shù)最少的處理是B1(84.19粒/穗),極顯著低于其他處理；結(jié)實(shí)率最低的處理是B1(66.21%),極顯著低于其他處理；千粒重最小的處理是B1(25.60g),極顯著低于其他處理；產(chǎn)量最低的是B1(340.02Kg/667m2),顯極極著低于其他處理。進(jìn)一步證明施用硒礦粉會(huì)降低有效穗,但可以提高實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重、和產(chǎn)量。(5)不同土壤硒背景對(duì)早稻籽粒硒含量的影響不顯著,對(duì)莖稈硒含量的影響極顯著。這說(shuō)明作物對(duì)硒的吸收存在一個(gè)過(guò)程,而莖稈的生長(zhǎng)時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)提前于籽粒,所以莖稈的硒含量受到的影響高于籽粒。(6)硒礦粉對(duì)早稻籽粒、莖稈中硒含量影響極顯著。水稻籽粒中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2處理為0.0827 mg/Kg。水稻莖稈中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2處理為0.2181 mg/Kg。隨著硒礦粉施用量的增加,水稻籽粒、莖稈中硒含量的增加呈極顯著水平。(7)不同土壤硒背景對(duì)晚稻籽粒、莖稈硒含量的影響達(dá)到極顯著水平,富硒土壤條件下晚稻籽粒硒含量為0.1288mg/Kg極顯著高于非富硒土壤條件下的處理0.1095mg/Kg；富硒土壤條件下晚稻莖稈硒含量為0.2349mg/Kg極顯著高于非富硒土壤條件下的處理0.1722mg/Kg。這說(shuō)明不同水稻品種對(duì)土壤中硒含量的敏感程度和吸收利用程度不同。(8)硒礦粉施用量對(duì)晚稻籽粒、莖稈硒含量的影響極顯著。水稻籽粒中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2處理為0.0471 mg/Kg,且各處理均低于早稻同一處理的硒含量0.0827 mg/Kg。隨著硒礦粉施用量的增加,水稻籽粒中的硒含量極顯著高于對(duì)照。水稻莖稈中硒含量最低的是0 Kg/667m2處理(0.1538 mg/Kg),且各處理均低于早稻同一處理的硒含量0.2181 mg/Kg。隨著硒礦粉施用量的增加,水稻莖稈中硒含量的增加呈極顯著水平。這進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明硒礦粉能夠長(zhǎng)期增加水稻籽粒和莖稈硒含量,但對(duì)不同水稻品種的效果不同。應(yīng)篩選出對(duì)硒礦粉利用率高的水稻品種進(jìn)行推廣(9)硒礦粉施用距離對(duì)金銀花硒含量影響極顯著。施用距離為5cm時(shí),金銀花收獲產(chǎn)品硒含量最高。其次為30cm、10cm、25cm、20cm、15cm。這說(shuō)明金銀花對(duì)硒礦粉的吸收存在優(yōu)勢(shì)根區(qū)。(10)硒礦粉施用量對(duì)金銀花硒含量影響極顯著。在試驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi),隨著硒礦粉施用量的增加,金銀花硒含量增加。這說(shuō)明提高硒礦粉的含量可以顯著提升金銀花的硒含量。(11)收獲葉位對(duì)金銀花硒含量的影響極顯著。隨著金銀花收獲葉位的增大,其硒含量顯著增加。這說(shuō)明金銀花對(duì)硒的吸收是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)過(guò)程。隨著時(shí)間的推移,金銀花中硒含量增加。(12)硒礦粉能提高黃瓜中硒含量。黃瓜中硒含量隨著硒礦粉施用量的增加而增加。間隔相同時(shí)間收獲的產(chǎn)品中硒含量差異不明顯。(13)硒礦粉能提高苦瓜中硒含量。在試驗(yàn)范圍,苦瓜中硒含量與硒礦粉施用量呈正相關(guān)。相同間隔時(shí)間內(nèi)收獲的產(chǎn)品硒含量存在顯著差異,第二次收獲產(chǎn)品中硒含量顯著低于第一次收獲產(chǎn)品。這說(shuō)明硒礦粉中的硒在快速流失。(14)硒礦粉能提高茄子中硒含量,提升幅度不大。在試驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi),硒礦粉不能使茄子達(dá)到富硒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。相同間隔時(shí)間內(nèi)收獲的產(chǎn)品硒含量存在顯著差異,第二次收獲產(chǎn)品中硒含量顯著低于第一次收獲產(chǎn)品。這說(shuō)明茄子對(duì)硒的富集能力較差,硒礦粉中的硒在快速流失。
[Abstract]:Selenium is a kind of nutrient element essential to the growth of Se . The content of Se in the crust is 0.05 脳 10 - 6 . It is very difficult to form industrial enrichment . The research shows that there are more than 40 countries and regions in the world .
The average yield of Se - enriched soil ( 82.76 % ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 80 . 74 % ) .
The mean thousand - grain weight ( 27.50 g ) of Se - enriched soil was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 27.40 g ) .
The average yield of selenium - enriched soil ( 482.05 kg / 667 m2 ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - enriched soil ( 453.37 Kg / 667 m2 ) . The results showed that the content of Se in soil could reduce the effective panicle of rice , but could increase the number of grains , seed yield , 1000 - grain weight and yield of rice . ( 2 ) The application amount of different selenium mineral powder was very significant for the effective panicle , seed number , seed setting rate , 1000 - grain weight and yield of early rice . The most effective treatments were B1 ( 20.06 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly higher than other treatments .
The minimum number of grains per panicle was B1 ( 85.38 grains per panicle ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The lowest rate of treatment was B1 ( 74.63 % ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The minimum weight of 1000 - grain weight was Bl ( 26.72g ) , which was significantly lower than other treatments .
The lowest yield was B1 ( 441.43kg / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments . This indicated that the application of selenium mineral powder could reduce the effective panicle , but could improve the yield , 1000 - grain weight and total yield . ( 3 ) The effect of different soil conditions on the effective panicle of late rice was not significant ;
and the influence on yield is remarkable ;
The effect of selenium - enriched soil on the grain weight , the number of grains and the yield was very significant . The difference between the treatments of Se - rich soil ( 16.000 spikes / 667m : ) and the non - Se - rich soil ( 15.40 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) was not significant .
The number of grains of Se - enriched soil ( 99.9 grains per panicle ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 91.1 grains per panicle ) .
The soil treatment yield of Se - enriched soil ( 70.02 % ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 67.66 % ) . The treatment of 1000 - grain weight ( 27.50g ) in Se - enriched soil was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 27.40 g ) : the treatment yield of Se - enriched soil ( 374.61 Kg / 667 m2 ) was significantly higher than that of non - Se - rich soil ( 364.74 Kg / 667 m2 ) . The results showed that the content of Se in soil could reduce the effective panicle of rice , but could increase the number of grains , seed yield , 1000 - grain weight and total yield of rice . ( 4 ) The effect of different selenium mineral powder dosage on effective panicle , grain number , seed setting rate , 1000 - grain weight and yield of the late rice was very significant . The most effective treatments were B1 ( 16.75 thousand spikes / 667 m2 ) , which was significantly higher than other treatments ;
The minimum number of grains per panicle was B1 ( 84.19 grains per panicle ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The lowest rate of treatment was B1 ( 66.21 % ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
The minimum weight of 1000 - grain weight was B1 ( 25.60 g ) , which was significantly lower than that of other treatments .
( 5 ) The selenium content of rice grains was higher than that of grains . ( 6 ) The selenium content in the rice grains was significantly higher than that of grains .
The content of Se in rice grains was 0.2349mg / Kg . The content of Se in rice grains was significantly higher than that of control .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S184

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