本文選題：生物安全靜態(tài)堆肥 + 無(wú)害化處理��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物安全靜態(tài)無(wú)害化處理技術(shù),即生物安全靜態(tài)堆肥法是一種人工促進(jìn)動(dòng)物肉尸快速腐爛分解并循環(huán)利用的方法,即利用稻糠、秸稈、木屑和動(dòng)物糞便等堆肥原料,充分混合發(fā)酵菌劑,將動(dòng)物尸體在地面上充分掩埋覆蓋,調(diào)節(jié)原料理化性質(zhì),促進(jìn)堆肥嗜熱微生物的迅速生長(zhǎng)和分解代謝,進(jìn)而升高堆肥溫度,殺死絕大多數(shù)病原菌和病毒,降解動(dòng)物組織,將染疫動(dòng)物尸體無(wú)害化、腐殖化和資源化,最終撒入農(nóng)田,作為有機(jī)肥料使用。研究非染疫死豬肉尸的靜態(tài)堆肥無(wú)害化處理方法,是同時(shí)使用稻糠、秸稈、鋸末等碳源輔料和動(dòng)物糞便等氮源輔料,與死豬肉尸及其產(chǎn)品混合堆肥。在堆肥建造方法上,根據(jù)肉尸體積采用單層或多層建造方法。建立堆肥的主要原料為動(dòng)物糞便,并添加50%碳源物質(zhì),如秸稈、稻糠、木屑等。堆肥發(fā)酵過(guò)程中,檢測(cè)堆肥體系的溫度,堆料的含水量、pH值和碳氮比(C/N)。開展大腸桿菌/大腸菌群數(shù)量的檢測(cè),金黃色葡萄球菌數(shù)量的檢測(cè),堆肥原發(fā)微生物數(shù)量的檢測(cè),在堆肥實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在每次取樣時(shí),對(duì)堆料進(jìn)行大腸桿菌數(shù)量及總大腸菌群數(shù)量的檢測(cè),金黃色葡萄球菌數(shù)量的檢測(cè),堆肥原發(fā)微生物數(shù)量的檢測(cè)。在50天的靜態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程中,溫度超過(guò)50℃,并保持了14天,堆體內(nèi)部70 cm深度處堆溫最高達(dá)到71.4℃,連續(xù)保持55℃以上7天。堆料初始時(shí)含水率為60%,結(jié)束時(shí)堆料中的水分始終保持在60%-71%之間。堆體初始pH值為8.6,第2天達(dá)到8.9。之后,pH值則開始緩慢下降,直到第10d,pH值一直保持8.5-8.9之間。堆料總C初始值為48.4,50天時(shí)為44.7,成下降趨勢(shì)。總N初始值為1.3,50天時(shí)為1.4,呈上升趨勢(shì)。故C/N比下降,由37.1降至31.5。使用3M試紙計(jì)數(shù),堆肥中的大腸菌群在堆制開始后迅速滅活,金黃色葡萄球菌在堆制過(guò)程中逐漸滅活。在堆肥的檢測(cè)中,厭氧細(xì)菌存活量很高,隨著堆肥的進(jìn)程呈波動(dòng)減少的趨勢(shì)。厭氧真菌的數(shù)量在堆料升溫后有減少,但隨著時(shí)間推移數(shù)量在llog10 CFU/g wetwt附近波動(dòng)。異養(yǎng)放線菌的起始數(shù)量在2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)之內(nèi)波動(dòng)。在堆肥建成以后,使堆溫升高至55℃保持3天以上或升高至45℃保持7天以上,使病害微生物基本滅活。以上研究說(shuō)明在堆肥建成以后,靜態(tài)處理,經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間后翻堆,反復(fù)直至完成堆肥發(fā)酵,可以達(dá)到堆肥腐熟利用的效果。本項(xiàng)目研究結(jié)果證明該技術(shù)安全、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì),使用稻殼、秸稈、動(dòng)物糞便等農(nóng)村容易獲得的廉價(jià)堆肥輔料降解死豬尸體,肉尸及其產(chǎn)品能夠得到徹底分解,并轉(zhuǎn)化成有益的綠色有機(jī)植物肥料,為本地區(qū)死豬無(wú)害化處理提供一種切實(shí)可行的方法。本研究預(yù)期成果將建立適用于大規(guī)模安全高效處理動(dòng)物尸體的生物安全靜態(tài)堆肥技術(shù),為無(wú)害化處理動(dòng)物尸體提供新的手段,為建立相關(guān)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Biosafety and static composting is a method to promote the rapid decomposition and recycling of animal carcasses, that is, using compost materials such as rice bran, straw, sawdust and animal dung. The animal carcasses were fully buried and covered on the ground by mixed fermentation bacteria, which regulated the physical and chemical properties of raw materials, promoted the rapid growth and catabolism of thermophilic microbes in compost, and then raised the composting temperature and killed most of the pathogens and viruses. Degradation of animal tissue, harmless, humification and resource utilization of infected animal carcasses, and finally sprinkled into farmland for use as organic fertilizer. The method of non-infected dead pork carcass composting was studied. The compost was mixed with the dead pork carcass and its products by using the carbon auxiliary materials such as rice bran, straw, sawdust and animal manure simultaneously. In compost construction method, single or multi-layer construction method is adopted according to meat carcass. Animal manure is the main raw material for composting, and 50% carbon source, such as straw, rice bran, sawdust, etc. During composting fermentation, the temperature of compost system, the water content and pH value of the compost and the ratio of C / N to C / N were measured. The number of Escherichia coli / coliform bacteria, the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus, the quantity of primary microorganism in compost, the composting experiment, The quantity of Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria, the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus and the quantity of primary microorganism in compost were detected. During 50 days of static fermentation, the temperature was over 50 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1867423