本文選題：南藥 + 立體經(jīng)營��； 參考：《植物研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：為篩選優(yōu)化的南藥立體經(jīng)營模式,本試驗(yàn)選用適宜南方種植的4種藥用植物,采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),在已有的杉木林下,構(gòu)建4種林藥立體經(jīng)營模式,分別是杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)+梅葉冬青(Ilex asprella)+艾納香模式(Blumea balsamifera)(簡(jiǎn)稱SMA)、杉木+梅葉冬青+廣金錢草(Desmodium styracifolium)模式(簡(jiǎn)稱SMG),杉木+梅葉冬青+草珊瑚(Sarcandra glabra)模式(簡(jiǎn)稱SMC),杉木+梅葉冬青模式(SM)),以杉木純林(簡(jiǎn)稱CK)為對(duì)照,分析不同模式內(nèi)0~20和20~40 cm土層土壤理化性質(zhì)和土壤酶活性變化,并運(yùn)用主成分分析法綜合評(píng)價(jià)模式對(duì)林地土壤質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明(1)與對(duì)照(純林)相比,4種林藥模式下的土壤容重均顯著下降,且隨土層深度的增加而增加。0~20 cm土層各模式土壤容重降幅分別為:模式SMA13.4%、模式SMG14.1%、模式SMC 20.8%和模式SM 22.3%、;20~40 cm土層的土壤容重各處理降幅為7.0%~15.5%。各模式土壤質(zhì)量含水量、田間持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和總孔隙度均顯著提高(P0.05),且隨土層深度的增加而減小,0~20 cm土層,均是以模式SM最大,分別比對(duì)照提高54.9%、100.1%、88.6%、44.9%和36.8%;20~40cm土層,均以模式SMG最大,分別是對(duì)照的61.5%、67.6%、69.7%、43.4%和44.0%。(2)0~20 cm土層p H呈下降趨勢(shì),降幅0.7%~6.2%,20~40 cm土層中各處理pH差異較大,但均未達(dá)到顯著水平。除全鉀外,其余土壤養(yǎng)分含量各模式均隨著土層深度的增加而降低。0~20 cm土層中,有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、速效氮磷鉀、交換性鈣和鎂以及陽離子交換量均以模式SMC含量最高,分別比對(duì)照提高79.7%、69.5%、30.3%、91.4%、279.4%、166.1%、91.6%、677.0%和70.3%。全鉀含量以模式SMG最高,比對(duì)照增加了26.9%。(3)各處理土壤酶活性均隨著土層深度的增加而降低。在0~20 cm土層中,與對(duì)照相比,各模式土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸活性差異顯著(P0.05),其中脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性以模式SMC活性最高,分別是對(duì)照的1.7倍和1.6倍,蔗糖酶活性各模式皆低于對(duì)照,降幅59.3%~69.4%;酸性磷酸酶活性模式SMA最高,比對(duì)照提高78.7%。20~40 cm土層中,各模式及對(duì)照間僅酸性磷酸酶活性差異達(dá)到顯著水平。(4)南藥立體經(jīng)營模式對(duì)土壤質(zhì)量影響的綜合排序?yàn)?模式SMC(2.811)模式SMG(1.293)模式SMA(0.111)模式SM(-1.544)CK(-2.671)。
[Abstract]:In order to select the optimized three-dimensional management model of Chinese fir, four kinds of medicinal plants suitable for southern planting were selected in this experiment, and the four models were constructed under the existing Chinese fir forest by random block design. Cunninghamia lanceolata) Ilex asprella) Blumea balsamifera (abbreviated as SMAA, Desmodium styracifolium) (SMG, Sarcandra glabraa) The Chinese fir forest (CK) was used as a control. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity in different soil layers of 0 ~ (20) and 20 ~ (40) cm were analyzed, and the effects of principal component analysis (PCA) on soil quality of forest land were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased significantly under the control (pure forest). And with the increase of soil depth, the decrease of bulk density of each model soil layer was: model SMA 13.4m, model SMG 14.1m, model SMC 20.8% and model SM 22.3C 2040cm soil layer. The soil bulk density of each model decreased by 7.0% and 15.5cm, respectively. The soil water content, field water capacity, capillary porosity and total porosity of each model increased significantly, and the soil layer decreased with the increase of soil depth. The model SM was the largest. Compared with the control, 54.9% and 36.8% were increased by 54.9%, 44.9% and 36.8%, respectively, with the model SMG being the largest. The pH value of 61.5% and 44.0%, respectively, of the control group and the soil layer of 44.0% and 44.0% were decreased, and the pH values of the treatments in the soil layer of 0.76.20.20 cm showed significant difference, but none of them reached the significant level. With the increase of soil depth, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and cation exchange capacity were the highest in all the models except total potassium, and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and cation exchange capacity were the highest in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer with the increase of soil depth. 79.7% and 69.5% higher than the control, and 30.3% and 91.4%, and 279.4% and 91.6%, 677.0% and 70.3%, respectively. The total potassium content was the highest in model SMG, and increased 26.90.0.The enzyme activity of each treatment decreased with the increase of soil depth. In the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, the activities of urease, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and acid phosphoric acid were significantly different from those of the control. The activity of urease and polyphenol oxidase was 1.7-fold and 1.6-fold of that of the control, respectively, and the activity of urease and polyphenol oxidase was the highest in the soil layer of 0 ~ (20 cm), which was 1.7-fold and 1.6-fold of that of the control, respectively. The activity of sucrase in each model was lower than that of the control, and the decrease of 59.3% was 59.3%, while the activity of acid phosphatase (SMA) was the highest in the soil layer of 78.7 cm, 2040 cm higher than that of the control. Only the difference of acid phosphatase activity between the different models and the control was significant. 4) the comprehensive order of the effects of the model SMC2.811 on soil quality was as follows: model SMC2.811) Model SMA-1.293) Model SMA0.111) Model SM-1.544 + CK-2.671.
【作者單位】： 中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院熱帶林業(yè)研究所;
【基金】：“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD22B0504)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S714;S759.82
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本文編號(hào)：1866589