本文選題：觀音山 + 土壤分類　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：陜西觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)地處秦嶺南坡中段。觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)不僅是我國一級保護(hù)動物大熊貓的重要分布區(qū)域,也是我國其他珍稀保護(hù)動物如金絲猴、羚牛等動物的重要棲息地。研究陜西觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)土壤類型分布與土壤理化性質(zhì),可以揭示其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化機(jī)理,提出土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)及重建策略,從而更好地發(fā)揮該地區(qū)的生態(tài)屏障保護(hù)功能,也進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)化及改善提出合理化建議。一直以來,對觀音山土壤類型分布研究較少,針對觀音山土壤特性的研究目前仍處于缺乏狀態(tài)。本研究以觀音山4中典型土壤類型為研究對象,通過野外成土環(huán)境及剖面構(gòu)型調(diào)查,歸納得到觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)土壤類型分布,并隊各類型土壤成土母質(zhì)與成土過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析;通過采集樣地樣品進(jìn)行室內(nèi)土壤分析,分析出觀音山4類土壤類型的物理機(jī)械組成,土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì):土壤pH值、有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮、磷、鉀,以及微量元素含量。觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)土壤類型分布及特性研究結(jié)果如下:(1)觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)土壤類型分布呈現(xiàn)垂直分布狀態(tài),山地黃棕壤分布在1500m以下的地區(qū);山地棕壤主要分布于1500~2300m的中山地帶;山地暗棕壤主要分布于海拔2300m~2500m的秦嶺梁脊一帶;山地草甸土分布于2500m~2575m的山頂?shù)貛�。各類土壤由于成土母質(zhì)和成土過程的差異,使得其理化性質(zhì)也各異。(2)觀音山自然保護(hù)區(qū)森林植被類型對土壤的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量有顯著的影響。針闊葉混交林的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高,夏綠、常綠闊葉混交林土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最低。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)多集中在土壤的A層,并隨著土壤的深度的增加而顯著減少。(3)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤全P含量屬于缺乏水平。隨著海拔高度的變化,土壤全P含量呈現(xiàn)垂直分異規(guī)律:山地草甸土山地暗棕壤山地棕壤山地黃棕壤。土壤各剖面層次全P含量也呈現(xiàn)垂直分異規(guī)律:A層B層C層。但是由于各類土壤生長的植被不一樣,以及土壤的成土過程和條件各異,全P含量在某些層次、某些土類間并非完全垂直分異,需要具體分析。(4)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤全N含量處于中等以上水平。隨著海拔高度的變化,土壤全N含量無明顯的垂直分異特征,除山地黃棕壤外,其余各類土壤全P含量較豐富。說明海拔較低的土壤受人為的干擾較嚴(yán)重,土壤地表有機(jī)質(zhì)少。雖然各類土壤無明顯垂直分異規(guī)律,但是各類土壤剖面層次全N水平垂直分異明顯,而山地棕壤A、C層全N含量豐富,中間層中等水平。在四類土壤中,A層的全N呈現(xiàn)豐富水平,說明全N含量大部分來自于地表枯枝落葉。(5)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤全K含量均處于豐富水平,其中山地黃棕壤的全鉀處于甚豐富水平。隨海拔變化各土類全K含量無明顯的垂直分異,而且各土類剖面也無面向的垂直分異規(guī)律。(6)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)土壤微量元素含量各異,不同植物生長所需要的微量元素差異性導(dǎo)致了其土壤中微量元素的差異。植物生長大量需要的微量元素,該類土壤中對應(yīng)微量元素處于缺乏水平;非生長必須微量元素,則大量富集。
[Abstract]:The Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve in Shaanxi is located in the middle section of the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. The Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve is not only an important distribution area for the protection of animal pandas at the first level in China, but also the important habitat of other rare protected animals, such as the golden monkey and the Tau, and other animals in China. The distribution of soil types and soil physical and chemical properties in the Shaanxi Guanyin Mountain self protected area are studied. Quality can reveal the degradation mechanism of its ecosystem, put forward the strategy of restoration and reconstruction of soil ecosystem, so as to give full play to the protection function of the ecological barrier in this area, and to further strengthen the rationalization proposals for the optimization and improvement of the surrounding ecological environment. The research on the soil characteristics of mountain is still in the lack of state. This study takes the typical soil type of Guanyin Mountain 4 as the research object. The soil type distribution of Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve is summed up through the investigation of soil forming environment and profile configuration in the field, and the soil parent material and soil forming process of various types of soil are analyzed in detail. The physical and mechanical composition of 4 types of soil in Guanyin Mountain, the soil chemical properties: soil pH value, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace element content were analyzed. The results of soil types distribution and characteristics of Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve were as follows: (1) the distribution of soil types in Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve showed vertical distribution. The distribution of the yellow brown soil in the mountain area is below 1500m; the mountain brown soil is mainly distributed in the Zhongshan area of the 1500~2300m; the dark brown soil in the mountain is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains ridge of the 2300m~2500m, and the mountain meadow soil is distributed in the mountain area of the 2500m~2575m. (2) the type of forest vegetation in Guanyin Mountain Nature Reserve has a significant influence on the organic matter content of soil. The content of soil organic matter is the highest in the coniferous broadleaf mixed forest, and the soil organic matter content is the lowest in the summer green and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest. The soil organic matter is concentrated in the A layer of the soil, and decreases significantly with the increase of the soil depth. (3) the total P content of soil in the protected area was lacking. With the change of altitude, the total P content of soil showed vertical differentiation rule: mountain meadow dark brown soil brown soil mountain brown soil in mountain meadow. The total P content of all soil profile levels also showed vertical differentiation Law: A layer B layer C layer. Samples and soil forming processes and conditions are different, the total P content is at some levels, some soil types are not completely vertical differentiation. (4) the total N content in the soil is above medium level. With the altitude change, the soil total N content has no obvious vertical differentiation characteristics, except the mountain Rehmannia brown soil, the rest of the other types. The soil all P content is rich. It shows that the soil with low altitude is seriously disturbed by human, and the soil surface organic matter is few. Although there is no obvious vertical differentiation in the soil, the level of all kinds of soil profiles is all N horizontal, while the A in the mountain brown soil and the N content in the C layer are rich and middle level. In the four types of soil, the A layer is in the layer. The full N showed a rich level, indicating that the content of all N was mostly from the surface litter. (5) the total K content of soil in the protected area was at a rich level, and the total potassium of the yellow brown soil in the mountain area was very rich. There was no obvious vertical differentiation in the total K content of the soil classes with the elevation, and there was no vertical differentiation in the soil profiles. (6) The content of trace elements in soil in the protected area is different. The difference of trace elements needed for the growth of different plants leads to the difference of trace elements in the soil. The trace elements are needed in the plant growth. The corresponding trace elements in this kind of soil are in the lack of level, and the non growth must be microelements, and they are enriched in large quantities.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 秦鐘,周兆德;土壤物理性質(zhì)變化簡析[J];海南大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2002年04期

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本文編號：1865701