本文選題：鉀肥用量 + 蒜棉套作��； 參考：《水土保持學報》2017年03期

【摘要】：為明確鉀肥用量對大蒜—棉花套作體系產(chǎn)量和土壤鉀素有效性的影響,確定2季作物最佳鉀肥施用量,為黃淮海平原大蒜—棉花套作地區(qū)合理施用鉀肥提供依據(jù)。于2013—2016年在山東省金鄉(xiāng)縣進行連續(xù)4年7季的田間定位試驗,試驗設CK(0kg/hm~2),K90(90kg/hm~2),K180(180kg/hm~2),K270(270kg/hm~2)4個不同施鉀量(K_2O)處理。大蒜和棉花單季施鉀量相同(K_2O 0,90,180,270kg/hm~2),各處理氮肥和磷肥施用量一致。分析不同施鉀量對大蒜、棉花產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響,明確不同施鉀量對棉花收獲后0—100cm土層速效鉀含量和0—20cm土壤鉀素形態(tài)的影響。結(jié)果表明:與CK相比,不同施鉀處理棉花顯著增產(chǎn)18.4%~72.7%,皮棉產(chǎn)量隨施鉀量的增加而增加,但K270與K180處理皮棉產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益差異不顯著;施鉀顯著提高了棉花單株成鈴數(shù)和單鈴重,對衣分含量無顯著影響。與CK相比,不同施鉀處理大蒜蒜薹顯著增產(chǎn)10.1%~64.2%,鱗莖顯著增產(chǎn)8.7%~93.3%。2016年K270處理蒜薹產(chǎn)量較其他處理顯著增產(chǎn)6.6%~64.8%,鱗莖顯著增產(chǎn)32.5%~93.3%。大蒜經(jīng)濟效益以K270處理最高。增加鉀肥施用量顯著提高了棉花收獲后0—20cm土壤速效鉀含量,但各處理60—100cm土層速效鉀含量差異不顯著。經(jīng)過4年7季施肥后,K90,K180,K270處理較CK不同程度提高了0—20cm土壤水溶性鉀(13.6,20.1,26.1mg/kg)、非特殊吸附鉀(10.4,19.6,53.4mg/kg)、非交換性鉀(34.3,53.9,140.1mg/kg)和全鉀含量,提高了水溶性鉀和非特殊吸附鉀的比例。綜合土壤環(huán)境因素、作物產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益,建議該大蒜—棉花套作區(qū)棉花施鉀量為K_2O 180kg/hm~2、大蒜施鉀量為K_2O 270kg/hm~2。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the yield of garlic cotton intercropping system and the availability of soil potassium, the optimum potassium fertilizer application rate for two crops was determined, which provided the basis for the rational application of potassium fertilizer in the garlic cotton intercropping area in the Huang-Huai Hai Plain. A field positioning experiment was conducted in Jinxiang County, Shandong Province for 4 years and 7 consecutive seasons from 2013-2016. The experiment was conducted with CK 0 kg / hmg 2 + K90 / kg / hmHM ~ (2 +) K180 ~ 180 kg / hm ~ (2 +) K ~ (180) / h ~ (2 +) K ~ (2 +) ~ (270) kg ~ (-1) K ~ (2 +) ~ (2) K _ 2O) treatment in Jinxiang County, Shandong Province. The amount of potassium applied to garlic and cotton per season was the same as that of K _ 2O _ 0 / kg ~ 90180 ~ 270 kg / h ~ (-2) h ~ (2 +) / h ~ (2 +) / kg ~ (-1). The effects of different potassium application rates on the yield and yield composition of garlic and cotton were analyzed. The effects of different potassium application rates on the available potassium content in 0-100cm soil layer and the potassium forms of 0-20cm soil were determined. The results showed that compared with CK, the yield of lint cotton increased significantly by 18.4% and 72.7%, and the yield of lint increased with the increase of potassium application rate, but there was no significant difference between K270 and K180 treatments in lint yield and economic benefit. Potassium application significantly increased boll number and boll weight per plant, but had no significant effect on lint content. Compared with CK, different potassium application treatments significantly increased garlic bolting yield by 10.1% and 64.2%, bulb yield increased significantly by 8.7, 93.3.2016, compared with other treatments, the bolting yield of garlic bolting increased significantly by 6.6% and 64.8%, and bulb yield increased significantly by 32.5% and 93.3% compared with other treatments. The highest economic benefit of garlic was treated with K270. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil after cotton harvest was significantly increased by increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer, but there was no significant difference in available potassium content in soil layer of 60-100cm with different treatments. After 4 years and 7 years fertilization, the content of water soluble potassium in 0-20cm soil was increased to different extent than that in CK, and the ratio of water soluble potassium to non special adsorbed potassium was increased by 13. 6 ~ 20. 1 mg 路kg ~ (-1), 10. 4 ~ 19. 6 mg / kg ~ (4) mg 路kg ~ (-1) K ~ (2 +) and 34. 3% ~ 53. 914. 1 mg 路kg ~ (-1) of total potassium, respectively, and the ratio of water soluble potassium to non-special adsorbed potassium was increased. Considering the soil environmental factors, crop yield and economic benefits, it is suggested that K _ 2O 180 kg 路hm-1 路hm ~ (-2) for cotton and K _ 2O 270 kg / h ~ (-1) ~ (2) for garlic in this garlic cotton intercropping area.
【作者單位】： 土肥資源高效利用國家工程實驗室山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院;
【基金】：國家“948”重點項目(2011-G30) 國家自然科學基金項目(41571236) 國家重點研發(fā)計劃(SQ2017ZY060105)
【分類號】：S158;S562;S633.4

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