本文選題：土壤有機質(zhì) + 環(huán)境因子��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：平原丘陵過渡帶屬于生態(tài)交錯帶,其土壤有機質(zhì)在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的積累變化對土壤生產(chǎn)力及全球氣候變化的影響日益受到關(guān)注。研究土壤有機質(zhì)的空間分布特征,對于獲取精確的土壤養(yǎng)分信息,理解陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳收支平衡具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。土壤有機質(zhì)具有較強的空間依賴性和異質(zhì)性,其空間格局同時受到氣候、地形、成土母質(zhì)、土壤類型、土地利用等諸多環(huán)境因素的影響,運用空間回歸模型進(jìn)行土壤有機質(zhì)空間分布特征的研究是促進(jìn)資源環(huán)境信息定量化、自動化管理的重要途徑。為提高土壤有機質(zhì)空間分布預(yù)測的精度,本文以土壤-景觀模型的相關(guān)方法和理論為基礎(chǔ),以空間統(tǒng)計及地統(tǒng)計模型為工具,研究了平原丘陵過渡帶土壤有機質(zhì)的空間特征,預(yù)測了土壤有機質(zhì)的空間分布,明確了土壤類型和土地利用程度的作用范圍,主要結(jié)果如下:1.分析了平緩地區(qū)和丘陵山地及過渡條帶等局部土壤有機質(zhì)的空間聚集性,土壤有機質(zhì)在平原丘陵間的核心過渡帶上具有顯著的 高-低‖、 低-高‖聚集現(xiàn)象,能表征環(huán)境梯度的轉(zhuǎn)換特征。比較了空間自回歸模型和地理加權(quán)回歸模型預(yù)測土壤有機質(zhì)空間分布的特點和能力,兩者的殘差均存在較弱的空間自相關(guān),但地理加權(quán)回歸模型的殘差更小,地理加權(quán)回歸模型殘差在800m處已基本不存在空間自相關(guān),而空間自回歸模型殘差至1km處仍有微弱自相關(guān),所有模型的殘差均在5km處無自相關(guān)。2.以地形因子為輔助變量,構(gòu)建了回歸克里格和地理加權(quán)回歸克里格模型。(1)全域范圍內(nèi)土壤有機質(zhì)變化范圍為3.80~69.40g/kg,變異系數(shù)為39.59%,屬中等程度變異。(2)回歸和地理加權(quán)回歸克里格模型的插值精度分別較普通克里格模型提高25.84%和27.61%,兩者估計的土壤有機質(zhì)的變化范圍均小于實測范圍,平原丘陵間的核心過渡帶有明顯的有機質(zhì)積累。(3)在殘差存在空間自相關(guān)的情況下,地理加權(quán)回歸克里格模型生成的土壤有機質(zhì)空間分布圖斑更加破碎,細(xì)節(jié)更加豐富。3.定量化了土壤類型間差異信息和土地利用程度信息,土壤有機質(zhì)與兩者均存在顯著相關(guān)性,土壤有機質(zhì)在不同土壤類型中具有不同的變異程度,土地利用程度在平緩地區(qū)具有顯著的 高-高‖聚集現(xiàn)象。通過構(gòu)建地理加權(quán)回歸模型,明確了土壤類型和土地利用程度作為土壤有機質(zhì)空間變異主導(dǎo)因子的作用范圍,土壤類型在全局范圍內(nèi)具有主導(dǎo)性,土地利用程度在平緩地區(qū)具有較高主導(dǎo)性。
[Abstract]:The transition zone of plain hills belongs to ecological ecotone. The influence of soil organic matter accumulation in terrestrial ecosystem on soil productivity and global climate change has been paid more and more attention. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter in order to obtain accurate soil nutrient information and to understand the balance of carbon budget in terrestrial ecosystem. Soil organic matter has strong spatial dependence and heterogeneity. Its spatial pattern is affected by many environmental factors such as climate, topography, soil-forming parent material, soil type, land use and so on. The study of spatial distribution of soil organic matter by using spatial regression model is an important way to promote the quantification and automatic management of resources and environment information. In order to improve the accuracy of soil organic matter spatial distribution prediction, based on the relevant methods and theories of soil-landscape model, the spatial characteristics of soil organic matter in the transitional zone of plain hilly region were studied by using spatial statistics and geostatistical models. The spatial distribution of soil organic matter was predicted, and the range of soil type and land use degree was determined. The main results were as follows: 1. The spatial accumulation of soil organic matter in flat region, hilly area and transition zone is analyzed. The accumulation of soil organic matter in the core transition zone between plain hills and hills is significant. It can characterize the transformation characteristics of environmental gradient. The characteristics and abilities of spatial autoregressive model and geo-weighted regression model in predicting spatial distribution of soil organic matter were compared. The residuals of the two models were both weakly spatial autocorrelation, but the residuals of geo-weighted regression models were smaller. There is no spatial autocorrelation at 800m, but there is still a weak autocorrelation between spatial autoregressive model residuals and 1km. The residual errors of all models are not autocorrelation at 5km. 2. Taking terrain factors as auxiliary variables, The regression Kriging model and geo-weighted regression Kriging model were constructed. The range of soil organic matter variation was 3.80 ~ 69.40 g / kg and the coefficient of variation was 39.59 g / kg. The interpolation accuracy of regression and geo-weighted regression Kriging models were obtained. Compared with the ordinary Kriging model, the variation range of soil organic matter estimated by both methods was 25.84% and 27.61% higher than that of the conventional Kriging model, respectively. In the case of spatial autocorrelation of residual, the spatial distribution of soil organic matter generated by geographical weighted regression Kriging model is more fragmented, and the details are more abundant. 3. The difference information and land use degree information among soil types were quantified. Soil organic matter had significant correlation with both, and soil organic matter had different degree of variation in different soil types. The land use degree has the remarkable phenomenon of high-high-high-high concentration in the flat area. Through the construction of geographical weighted regression model, the range of soil type and land use degree as the dominant factor of spatial variation of soil organic matter was defined, and the soil type was dominant in the global scope. The land use degree has the higher leading position in the flat area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S153.621

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