本文選題：解磷菌 + Pseudomonas�。� 參考：《南京農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于有機肥見效慢、施用面積及用量嚴重不足和生物菌肥效率低、應用規(guī)模小、無區(qū)域針對性、市場推廣難度大等肥料使用特點,加上長期大量與不合理施用化肥,導致我國土壤結構遭到嚴重破壞、有機質含量急劇下降、土壤微生物群落結構嚴重失衡,從而造成農產品產量和質量大幅度下降和肥料利用率逐年降低等一系列突出的問題。同時,大量的農作物秸稈和畜禽糞便等農業(yè)廢棄物制成的有機肥由于低的肥效和附加值,造成使用面積和使用量嚴重受阻,導致大量資源浪費和嚴重的生態(tài)環(huán)境污染。為了農業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和農民對便捷高效的耕作模式的追求,復合微生物肥料是未來肥料的發(fā)展趨勢。復合微生物肥料集微生物的促效增效,有機肥的緩效長效和化肥的速效高效為一體,實現(xiàn)三肥合一,具有營養(yǎng)平衡、改土培肥、增產增收、改善果實品質等特點。本研究利用實驗室保存的解淀粉芽孢桿菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5、NJN-6,以及本研究篩選出的高效解磷菌株——Y2與普通有機肥通過二次發(fā)酵生成生物有機肥,再配以一定比例的無機化肥,通過圓盤造粒法研制復合微生物肥料,通過粉狀和顆粒復合微生物肥料儲存試驗,盆栽效果及養(yǎng)分釋放試驗研究上述肥料的生產實際性。結果表明,本研究首先從馬鈴薯根際篩選出解磷菌58株,通過定性和定量測定了解磷菌的解磷能力。搖瓶復篩試驗結果表明,溶液中速效磷含量升高較大的菌株是Y2和Y40,含量分別達到341.17 μg/mL和300.02 μg/mL,菌株Y40發(fā)酵液pH值下降幅度最大,下降到4.04,該兩株菌被選擇進行進一步研究。在兩季解磷菌的盆栽(番茄、茄子、馬鈴薯、玉米、煙草)促生試驗中可以得出添加解磷菌株Y2和Y40的處理對這幾種作物均具有較好的促生效果,同時可以得出這兩株菌對茄科作物具有較好的促生效果,且功能菌能在植株根際有效定殖。結合實驗室及盆栽實驗數(shù)據最后篩選出菌株Y2為解磷能力較強菌株。經過生理生化結合16SrRNA序列發(fā)育分析,該兩株菌分別被鑒定為假單胞菌(Pseudomonas frederikbergensi)和乙酸鈣不動產桿菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus),在復合微生物肥料存放試驗中,存放6個月時,分別含T-5、NJN-6菌株的10%和15%養(yǎng)分粒狀復合微生物肥料有效活菌數(shù)均達相應的國家標準,菌株T-5在其制成的復合微生物肥料中存活能力優(yōu)于菌株NJN-6,與此同時,10%養(yǎng)分復合微生物肥料中有效活菌數(shù)高于15%養(yǎng)分,含水量變化保持在10%-20%之間。在芽孢萌發(fā)試驗中,復合微生物肥料中功能菌芽孢萌發(fā)率均高于60%。盆栽促生試驗結果初步表明,顆粒狀復合微生物肥料的整體促生效果優(yōu)于粉狀復合微生物肥料。在富含Y2菌株的復合微生物肥料存放試驗中,存放6個月時,10%和15%養(yǎng)分粉狀及粒狀復合微生物肥料中功能菌有效活菌數(shù)均高于國家標準,但數(shù)量低于生物有機肥中所含活菌數(shù),且10%養(yǎng)分含量復合微生物肥料中活菌數(shù)優(yōu)于15%養(yǎng)分肥料所含活菌數(shù)。存儲期間,肥料含水量在前3個月時保持在15%-20%之間,后3個月時保持在10%-15%之間。盆栽試驗結果表明,分別施用存儲6個月后的富含Y2菌株的添加粉狀和顆粒狀復合微生物肥料處理中,添加10%養(yǎng)分復合微生物肥料處理中番茄長勢顯著優(yōu)于添加15%養(yǎng)分復合微生物肥料的處理,且該養(yǎng)分下,顆粒狀肥料的促生效果顯著優(yōu)于粉狀肥料。
[Abstract]:Due to the slow effect of organic manure, serious shortage of application area and dosage and low biological bacterial fertilizer efficiency, the application of small scale, no regional pertinence, difficult market popularization and so on, combined with long term and irrational application of fertilizer, resulted in serious deterioration of soil structure in China, sharp decline of organic matter content and soil microbial community knot. There is a serious imbalance in structure, which causes a series of outstanding problems, such as the yield and quality of agricultural products and the decrease of the utilization rate of fertilizer year by year. At the same time, the organic manure made from agricultural wastes such as crop straw and livestock waste, caused by low fertilizer efficiency and added value, caused serious obstruction of the area and use, resulting in a large amount of resources. In order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the farmers' pursuit of convenient and efficient farming mode, compound microbial fertilizer is the trend of future fertilizer development. Compound microbial fertilizer combines the effect of microorganism to promote efficiency, the slow effect of organic fertilizer and the effective efficiency of chemical fertilizer as a whole, and achieve three fertilizer in one. The characteristics of nutrition balance, soil improvement and fertilization, increase of yield and harvest, improve the quality of fruit, and so on. This study uses the laboratory preserved Bacillus amyloid Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5, NJN-6, and the screening of high efficiency phosphate solubilizing bacteria - Y2 and common organic manure by two times of fermentation to produce biological organic manure, and then to a certain proportion of inorganic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer was prepared by the method of disc granulation. Through the experiment of powdery and particulate compound microbial fertilizer storage, the potted effect and nutrient release test were used to study the practical production of the above fertilizer. The results showed that 58 strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were selected from the potato rhizosphere first, and the Phosphorus Solution was determined by qualitative and quantitative determination. The test results of shake flask rescreening showed that the strains with higher content of available phosphorus in the solution were Y2 and Y40, the content reached 341.17 mu g/mL and 300.02 g/mL respectively, the pH value of the strain Y40 fermentation liquid decreased to 4.04, and the two strains were selected for further study. In the two season, the potted plants of the phosphate bacteria (tomato, eggplant, potato and jade) The treatment of Y2 and Y40 with phosphate solubilizing strain can have good growth promoting effect on these crops. At the same time, it can be found that the two strains have good growth promoting effect on the Solanaceae crops, and the functional bacteria can be effectively colonized in the rhizosphere of the plant. The strain Y2 is finally screened out by the laboratory laboratory and the pot experiment data. The two strains were identified as Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas frederikbergensi) and calcium acetate actobacillus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) by physiological and biochemical combination of 16SrRNA sequence development. In the storage test of compound microbial fertilizer, 10% and 15 of NJN-6 strains were stored for 6 months, respectively. The number of effective living bacteria of% nutrient granular compound microbial fertilizer reached the corresponding national standard. The surviving ability of strain T-5 in the compound microbial fertilizer made by it was better than that of strain NJN-6. At the same time, the number of effective living bacteria in the 10% nutrient compound microbial fertilizer was higher than that of 15%, and the change of water content was kept between 10%-20%. The germination rate of the spores of functional bacteria in the microbial fertilizer was higher than that of the 60%. pot cultivation test. The results showed that the overall growth promoting effect of the granular compound microbial fertilizer was better than that of the powdery compound microbial fertilizer. In the storage test of the compound microbial fertilizer rich in Y2 strain, the powder and granular compound microorganism were stored for 6 months. The number of active bacteria in functional bacteria in fertilizer is higher than that of the national standard, but the number of active bacteria is lower than that contained in bio organic fertilizer, and the number of living bacteria in the compound microbial fertilizer with 10% nutrient content is better than that of 15% nutrient fertilizer. During the storage, the water content of the fertilizer is kept between 15% -20% in the first 3 months and between the last 3 months. The experiment results showed that in the treatment of adding powder and granular compound microbial fertilizer rich in Y2 strain after 6 months of storage, the growth potential of Tomato in the treatment of 10% nutrient compound microbial fertilizer was significantly better than that of adding 15% nutrient compound microorganism fertilizer, and the growth promoting effect of granular fertilizer was significantly better than that under this nutrient. Powdered fertilizer.

【學位授予單位】：南京農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S144

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