本文選題：分散養(yǎng)豬沖洗水 + 序批式ABR��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：養(yǎng)豬業(yè)是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分,同時也帶來了不可忽視的環(huán)境污染問題。由于養(yǎng)殖戶分布零散,養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模較小,因此亟需開發(fā)簡單經(jīng)濟的小型污水處理工藝。本論文采用ABR-生態(tài)溝渠組合工藝處理分散養(yǎng)豬沖洗水,考察了序批式ABR(以連續(xù)式ABR為對照)的啟動及運行特性,優(yōu)化了運行參數(shù),研究了序批式ABR在進水周期內(nèi)的污染物降解特性;以生態(tài)溝渠系統(tǒng)進一步處理ABR的出水,考察了多級生態(tài)溝渠的運行性能,以及進水流量、復氧效果、低溫的影響。采用16 s核糖體DNA全序列分析對ABR和多級溝渠的的微生物多樣性進行解析。主要研究結論如下:1.以ABR處理COD、TN和TP濃度分別為2000、225和30 mg/L左右的分散養(yǎng)豬沖洗水,在平均水溫為12.6℃的條件下經(jīng)過15d的運行,連續(xù)式ABR(裝置A)和序批式(裝置B)的平均COD去除率分別達到80%和68%,標志著ABR反應器啟動成功。啟動后,序批和連續(xù)進水ABR的COD去除率均大于60%,但前者的要小于后者。COD負荷為1.40 kg/(m3·d)時,序批ABR出水平均COD為600 mg/L大于連續(xù)ABR的350mg/L。在COD為1200~5500 mg/L、每天進水1~2次、進水時間1~2 h等條件下,序批式ABR反應器運行穩(wěn)定而高效。2.序批進水ABR,COD在第一格去除率最大,且進水后其去除速度快,12 h后趨于穩(wěn)定;類蛋白熒光峰的變化規(guī)律與COD的一致;有機物水解酸化主要發(fā)生在進水后4 h內(nèi),甲酸、乙酸和丙酸等小分子物質(zhì)也主要在此期間生成。揮發(fā)酸含量沿程降低,堿度沿程變化較小,均在1000 mg/L以上。3.基于生物沸石強化硝化(1號和2號溝渠)和固體碳源強化反硝化(3號溝渠)的多級生態(tài)溝渠系統(tǒng)可以進一步凈化ABR出水,使出水的平均COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP分別為204.1、62.62、101.27和6.29mg/L,符合《畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染物排放標準》(GB18596-2001)排放標準。4.降低進水流量、促進復氧可提升強化硝化溝渠(1號和2號)出水中氧化態(tài)氮濃度。冬季運行時溝渠系統(tǒng)的硝化效果下降,沸石會以提高吸附平衡濃度的方式儲存較多的氨氮。在外加稻稈固體碳源充足的情況下,3號溝渠對亞硝氮、硝氮的總去除率達到80%以上,總磷去除率也達到36.33%。5.裝置A和裝置B各格微生物群落門組成差異不明顯,在溫度較低、有機負荷較大等不利條件下,Firmicutes(厚壁菌門)占據(jù)優(yōu)勢;在溫度較高條件下,Bacteroidetes的比例大幅提升,是降解有機物的主要門類。6.1號、2號溝渠基質(zhì)表面微生物在門水平上類似。1號溝渠上層出現(xiàn)許多具有有機物去除功能的菌屬;下層磚渣包含以Comamonas(叢毛單胞菌屬)和Thauera(陶厄氏菌屬)為代表反硝化菌屬;同時溝渠底部Nitrosospira(亞硝化螺菌屬)豐度較高,這也解釋了1號溝渠亞硝酸鹽累積的現(xiàn)象。低溫抑制了2號溝渠沸石層硝化過程,沸石層中硝化菌屬及亞硝化菌屬豐度并不大;底部微生物以厭氧和兼性微生物居多,存在反硝化的可能。3號溝渠由于可降解碳源較充足,秸稈表面微生物種類相較沸石和磚渣表面更加豐富。
[Abstract]:Pig industry is an important part of rural economy, but also brings the problem of environmental pollution that can not be ignored. Because of the scattered distribution of farmers and the small scale of aquaculture, it is urgent to develop a simple and economical small wastewater treatment process. In this paper, the combined process of ABR-Eco-gully was used to treat the rinsing water of scattered pig. The start-up and operation characteristics of sequential batch ABR (as compared with continuous ABR) were investigated, and the operation parameters were optimized. The degradation characteristics of pollutants in the influent cycle of sequential batch ABR were studied, and the effects of influent flow rate, reoxygenation effect and low temperature on the operation performance of multistage ecological ditch were investigated by using ecological ditch system to further treat the effluent of ABR. The microbial diversity of ABR and multilevel canals was analyzed by 16s ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. When the concentration of COD TN and TP was about 2000225 mg/L and 30 mg/L respectively, the rinsing water of pig was treated with ABR, and the average water temperature was 12.6 鈩，

本文編號：1858216