本文選題：藥鄉(xiāng)小流域 + 降雨徑流��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山東省處于北方土石山區(qū),山丘區(qū)面積占約2/3。該區(qū)域山地干旱瘠薄,巖層破碎且風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重,生態(tài)環(huán)境十分脆弱,土壤肥力和保水保肥能力低下,水土流失嚴(yán)重,土壤侵蝕量為全國平均值的3倍,因此開展山東山丘區(qū)水土流失治理工作迫在眉睫。通過對(duì)山丘區(qū)降雨-徑流特征及相關(guān)關(guān)系的研究將有助于從過程與機(jī)制上深入了解流域徑流對(duì)降雨的響應(yīng)機(jī)理,進(jìn)而為采取相應(yīng)的水土保持措施提供理論依據(jù),為基于強(qiáng)降雨產(chǎn)生的洪水過程下水土流失的規(guī)劃以及洪水的利用提供參考。本研究選擇位于山東魯中南山丘區(qū)的泰安藥鄉(xiāng)小流域,以該流域2012-2016年的降雨、徑流等實(shí)地觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過對(duì)該流域進(jìn)行降雨產(chǎn)流分析,得出降雨與產(chǎn)流之間的定量定性關(guān)系,并運(yùn)用不同的基流分割方法進(jìn)行徑流組分的劃分,從而得出更適用于該流域的基流分割方法,然后對(duì)洪水退水過程線進(jìn)行分割,以期為山東山丘區(qū)產(chǎn)流過程的研究提供理論參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)藥鄉(xiāng)小流域降雨具有明顯的季節(jié)變化,且呈單峰性分布,主要集中在5-9月,占到全年降雨量的85.6%,侵蝕性降雨總量占全部降雨總量的82.5%,其中7-8月所占比例最大,約占全部侵蝕性降雨的18.7%-40.4%。各降雨特征值的最大值均出現(xiàn)在7月份,降雨極不平衡。徑流較降雨來說有一定的滯后效應(yīng)。通過皮爾遜相關(guān)分析和逐步回歸方法分析降雨與徑流之間的相關(guān)性,得出降雨量、降雨歷時(shí)、最大30 min雨強(qiáng)是產(chǎn)流的主控因子,且均與徑流總量呈正相關(guān),降雨量和最大30 min雨強(qiáng)對(duì)產(chǎn)流的影響更大。(2)當(dāng)兩場(chǎng)降雨的降雨量、降雨歷時(shí)等降雨指標(biāo)相近時(shí),是否有前期降雨就成為影。響產(chǎn)流的主要因素。當(dāng)有前期降雨時(shí),徑流隨降雨的變化響應(yīng)十分敏感,徑流量達(dá)到峰值的時(shí)間幾乎與降雨量的峰值同步。當(dāng)無前期降雨時(shí),徑流會(huì)滯后于降雨產(chǎn)生,滯后時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短取決于土壤的干燥程度。(3)通過K值均值聚類分析方法,根據(jù)降雨量、降雨歷時(shí)和降雨侵蝕力將藥鄉(xiāng)小流域2012-2016年間的180場(chǎng)降雨劃分成三種雨型。平均雨量較小,降雨歷時(shí)較短,降雨侵蝕力較小的降雨被劃分為雨型Ⅰ ;中等雨量,較長(zhǎng)降雨歷時(shí)和中等降雨侵蝕力的降雨被劃分為雨型n;降雨歷時(shí)中等,降雨量大且降雨侵蝕力大的降雨被劃分為雨型Ⅲ。不同雨型引起的產(chǎn)流差異十分明顯,引起藥鄉(xiāng)小流域產(chǎn)流的主要為雨型Ⅱ,占全部產(chǎn)流的 50.3%。(4)同時(shí)運(yùn)用數(shù)字濾波法和基流指數(shù)法對(duì)藥鄉(xiāng)小流域徑流過程進(jìn)行基流分割,得出最適宜的方法為數(shù)字濾波法,且最合適的過濾參數(shù)取a為0.525,β為0.925。在洪水過程中下一次洪水的起漲時(shí)刻從該次洪水與上次洪水的拐點(diǎn)開始,而上一次洪水未退完的那部分徑流從該點(diǎn)繼續(xù)消退直至結(jié)束;退水過程的第二段與第一段相比更為平緩。
[Abstract]:Shandong Province is located in the northern earth-rock mountain area, the hilly area accounts for about 2 / 3. In this region, the mountain area is arid and barren, the rock layer is broken and weathered seriously, the ecological environment is very fragile, the soil fertility and the ability of retaining water and fertilizer are low, the soil and water loss is serious, the amount of soil erosion is 3 times of the national average. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out soil erosion control work in Shandong hilly area. The study on the characteristics of rainfall and runoff and the correlation between rainfall and runoff in hilly areas will be helpful to understand the response mechanism of watershed runoff to rainfall in terms of process and mechanism, and to provide theoretical basis for the adoption of corresponding soil and water conservation measures. It provides a reference for the planning of soil and water loss and the utilization of flood caused by heavy rainfall. In this study, Taian Yao Xiang small watershed, located in the mountainous region of Shandong Province, was selected. Based on the field observation data of rainfall and runoff in the basin from 2012 to 2016, the runoff yield of the watershed was analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative relationship between rainfall and runoff is obtained, and different basic flow segmentation methods are used to divide the runoff components, which is more suitable for the watershed, and then the flood receding process line is segmented. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the study of runoff production process in Shandong hilly area. The main results are as follows: (1) the rainfall in the small watershed of Yixiang has obvious seasonal variation and has a single peak distribution, mainly concentrated in May-September. The total amount of erosive rainfall accounts for 82.5% of the total rainfall in the whole year, and the proportion of July to August is the largest, accounting for 18.7-40.4% of all the erosive rainfall. The maximum value of each rainfall characteristic value appears in July, the rainfall is extremely unbalanced. Runoff has some lag effect compared with rainfall. Through Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis, the correlation between rainfall and runoff is analyzed. The results show that rainfall, rainfall duration and maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min are the main controlling factors of runoff production, and are positively correlated with the total runoff. Rainfall and maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min have more influence on runoff. The main factor that causes abortion. When there is early rainfall, the response of runoff with rainfall is very sensitive, and the time when runoff reaches its peak is almost synchronized with the peak of rainfall. When there is no early rainfall, the runoff will lag behind the rainfall, and the lag time depends on the dry degree of the soil. Rainfall duration and rainfall erosivity divide 180 rainfall patterns into three types in 2012-2016. The rainfall with less average rainfall, shorter rainfall duration and less rainfall erosion was divided into rain type 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1854450