本文選題：增溫 + 秸稈施用　； 參考：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究增溫及秸稈施用對農(nóng)田土壤呼吸及酶活性的影響,在田間進(jìn)行冬小麥-大豆輪作生長季隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn)。設(shè)置對照(CK)、增溫(W)、秸稈施用(S)、增溫及秸稈施用(WS) 4個處理,每個處理設(shè)置3個重復(fù)。試驗(yàn)中試驗(yàn)田各區(qū)組的土壤呼吸速率,采用LI-8100 土壤碳通量自動測量系統(tǒng)測定,同時利用該系統(tǒng)測定各小區(qū)土壤溫度和土壤濕度。另外,在作物不同的生育期,測定各個小區(qū)的脲酶、轉(zhuǎn)化酶和過氧化氫酶。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析表明,在2014～2015輪作年和2015～2016輪作年,不同處理的農(nóng)田土壤呼吸速率的季節(jié)變異基本趨于一致,其季節(jié)變異與土壤溫度的變異具有一致性。在2014～2015年冬小麥-大豆輪作生長季,對照(CK)、增溫(W)、秸稈施用(S)、增溫及秸稈施用(WS)處理的平均土壤呼吸速率分別1.71±0.03、2.47±0.04、2.20±0.05、2.95±0.01μmol·(m2·s)-1。方差分析表明,W、S 和 WS 處理的土壤呼吸與對照均存在顯著差異(p 0.05),增溫、秸稈施用和增溫及秸稈施用處理的土壤呼吸速率均高于對照處理。在2015～2016年冬小麥-大豆輪作生長季,對照(CK)、增溫(W)、秸稈施用(S)、增溫及秸稈施用(WS)處理的平均土壤呼吸速率分別2.03±0.06、2.76±0.04、2.88±0.03、3.24±0.03μmol·(m2·s)-1。方差分析表明,W、S 和 WS 處理的土壤呼吸與對照均存在顯著差異(p 0.05)。2015～2016冬小麥-大豆輪作年不同處理下土壤呼吸速率的變異規(guī)律與2014～2015輪作年一致,增溫、秸稈施用和增溫及秸稈施用處理均提高了農(nóng)田土壤呼吸作用。同時,土壤溫度是影響兩個輪作年農(nóng)田土壤呼吸速率的季節(jié)變異的重要因素,兩者之間的關(guān)系可用指數(shù)回歸方程解釋。在2014～2015年冬小麥生長季的拔節(jié)期,增溫和秸稈施用均提高了轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性,各處理過氧化氫酶與對照無顯著差異(p 0.05);在孕穗期,各處理的脲酶和轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性與對照有顯著差異(p0.05)。在2015大豆生長季的幼苗期,增溫提高了土壤轉(zhuǎn)化酶的活性;在開花期,各處理的轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性均與對照有顯著差異(p0.05);在鼓粒期,增溫提高了脲酶活性,秸稈施用提高了轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性,各處理的過氧化氫酶活性與對照無顯著差異(p 0.05)。在2015～2016年冬小麥生長季的拔節(jié)、孕穗和揚(yáng)花期,增溫和秸稈施用均提高了轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性;在孕穗和揚(yáng)花期,增溫和秸稈施用均提高了過氧化氫酶活性;增溫和秸稈施用均提高了揚(yáng)花期脲酶的活性。在2016年大豆生長季的幼苗和開花期,增溫和秸稈施用均提高了轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性;在鼓粒期,各處理均提高了脲酶、轉(zhuǎn)化酶及過氧化氫酶活性。增溫和秸稈施用對脲酶、轉(zhuǎn)化酶和過氧化氫酶活性均有影響,都表現(xiàn)為促進(jìn)作用。土壤呼吸和脲酶、轉(zhuǎn)化酶及過氧化氫酶之間的關(guān)系,均可用一元線性回歸方程描述。2014～2015年冬小麥生長季,土壤呼吸與脲酶活性存在一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.061) ; 土壤呼吸與轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性存在顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.013),與過氧化氫酶活性存在極顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P = 0.002)。2015年大豆生長季,土壤呼吸與脲酶活性存在顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.028);土壤呼吸與轉(zhuǎn)化酶和過氧化氫酶活性均存在一元線性回歸關(guān)系,其P值分別為0.111和0.215。2015～2016年冬小麥生長季,土壤呼吸與脲酶活性存在顯著(P=0.016) 一元線性回歸關(guān)系,與轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性存在顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.015),與過氧化氫酶活性存在顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(= 0.038)。2016年大豆生長季,土壤呼吸與脲酶活性存在顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P= 0.045);土壤呼吸與轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性存在一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.072) ; 土壤呼吸與過氧化氫酶活性存在極顯著一元線性回歸關(guān)系(P=0.008)。脲酶、轉(zhuǎn)化酶和過氧化氫酶均是影響土壤呼吸的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of temperature increasing and straw application on soil respiration and enzyme activity in farmland, a random area test of winter wheat soybean crop rotation was conducted in the field. 4 treatments were set up (CK), temperature increasing (W), straw application (S), temperature increasing and straw application (WS). The soil respiration rate of each area group in the experiment field was tested. LI-8100 soil carbon flux automatic measurement system was used to measure the soil temperature and soil moisture in each cell. In addition, the urease, invertase and catalase were measured in different growth stages of the plant. The results of the experiment showed that the different treatments were in the 2014~2015 rotation year and the 2015~2016 rotation year. The seasonal variation of soil respiration rate was basically consistent, and the seasonal variation of soil respiration was consistent with the variation of soil temperature. In the 2014~2015 year winter wheat soybean rotation growth season, the average soil respiration rate of the control (CK), the temperature increasing (W), the straw application (S), the temperature increasing and the straw application (WS) treatment were 1.71 + 0.03,2.47 + 0.04,2.20 + 0.05,2.95 + 0 respectively. 1 mu mol. (M2 s) -1. variance analysis showed that the soil respiration and control of W, S and WS had significant differences (P 0.05). The soil respiration rate was higher than that of the control (P 0.05). The soil respiration rate of straw application and temperature increasing and straw application treatment was higher than that of the control. In 2015~2016 year winter wheat soybean rotation, control (CK), temperature increase (W), straw application (S), temperature increase and straw. The average soil respiration rate treated with straw (WS) treatment was 2.03 + 0.06,2.76 + 0.04,2.88 + 0.03,3.24 + 0.03 mol. (m2. S) -1. variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in soil respiration between W, S and WS treated (P 0.05) the variation of soil respiration rate under the annual variation of winter wheat and soybean rotation in 2016 winter wheat and soybean rotation and 2014~201 5 rotation annual consistency, temperature increasing, straw application and temperature increasing and straw application treatment improved soil respiration in farmland. At the same time, soil temperature was an important factor affecting the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate in two cropland, and the relationship between them could be explained by exponential regression equation. The jointing of Winter Wheat growing season in 2014~2015 years. During the period of booting, the activity of urease and invertase in each treatment was significantly different from the control (P0.05). In the seedling stage of the 2015 soybean growing season, the activity of the soil invertase was higher than that of the control (P 0.05). The enzyme activity was significantly different from that of the control (P0.05). The activity of urease was increased by increasing temperature in the drum stage, and the application of straw increased the activity of invertase. The activity of catalase was not significantly different from that of the control (P 0.05). In the 2015~2016 year winter wheat growing season, the growth of the pregnant and the flowering stages, and the increase of the application of the milder straw increased the invertase activity. The activity of catalase was increased in the booting and flowering stage, and the application of straw increased the activity of urease in the flowering stage. In the seedling and flowering period of the soybean growing season in 2016, the application of the milder straw increased the activity of the invertase, and the urease, invertase and peroxidation were improved at the stage of drums. The relationship between soil respiration, urease, invertase and catalase, the relationship between soil respiration and urease, invertase and catalase can be used to describe the long season of winter wheat from.2014 to 2015, and the soil respiration and urease activity is one element linear. Regression relationship (P=0.061); there was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and invertase activity (P=0.013), and there was a very significant linear regression relationship with the activity of catalase (P = 0.002). There was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and urease activity (P=0.028), soil respiration and Invertase and invertase in.2015 season. There was a linear regression relationship between the activity of catalase and the P value of 0.111 and 0.215.2015 to 2016, and the soil respiration and urease activity was significant (P=0.016) linear regression relation, and there was a significant linear regression relationship with the activity of invertase (P=0.015), and there was a significant one yuan with the activity of catalase. Linear regression relationship (= 0.038) there was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and urease activity (P= 0.045) in the growing season of.2016, and there was a linear regression relationship between soil respiration and invertase activity (P=0.072); soil respiration and catalase activity existed in a very significant linear regression relationship (P=0.008). Urease, invertase Both catalase and catalase are important factors affecting soil respiration.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S154

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