本文選題：凋落物量 + 凋落物組分　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：凋落物是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,探究凋落物產(chǎn)量變化的影響因素對(duì)研究森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)過(guò)程具有重要的科學(xué)意義。外部氣象因子以及內(nèi)部種群自身變化被認(rèn)為是潛在影響凋落物產(chǎn)量影響的兩類常見(jiàn)因子,但是,目前基于長(zhǎng)期數(shù)據(jù)的針對(duì)性研究仍相對(duì)較少。為此,本研究以浙江天童20ha動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)樣地內(nèi),2012-2016年(5年120個(gè)頻次)收集的凋落物數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分析了 1)凋落物總量及其各組分產(chǎn)量與氣象因子變化間的關(guān)聯(lián);2)2010年與2015年兩次調(diào)查間凋落物框周圍鄰體種群數(shù)量的變化,對(duì)于2012年與2016年凋落葉量(凋落物中最重要的組分)變化的影響。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)187個(gè)凋落物框(93.5 m2)5年間共收集凋落物331.94 kg,年平均凋落量為686.84 g·m-2·a-1。其中,葉凋落量占凋落物總量的72%、碎屑凋落量占16%、枝凋落物量占6.4%、繁殖器官凋落物量占3.8%、樹皮凋落物量占2%。另外,凋落物總量與葉凋落量的凋落節(jié)律較為相似,皆為三峰型,而枝、繁殖器官、樹皮凋落量的凋落節(jié)律并不明顯。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明凋落葉是凋落物中最為重要的組分。(2)凋落物總量及其各組分產(chǎn)量對(duì)不同的氣象因子變化的響應(yīng)形式及程度不同。凋落物總量和葉凋落量受半月平均氣溫的正影響;枝凋落量受半月最低氣溫、半月平均降水量和10min平均風(fēng)速的正影響;樹皮凋落量受1h極大風(fēng)速、半月平均降水量和半月最低氣溫的正影響;繁殖器官凋落量受半月平均氣溫和1h極大風(fēng)速的正影響。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明,氣溫是影響凋落物總量以及各組分產(chǎn)量的重要的氣象因子。由于凋落物總量和葉凋落量?jī)H受氣溫的影響,加之氣溫變化具有十分明顯的節(jié)律性,因此,凋落物總量與葉凋落量的凋落節(jié)律較為明顯。而枝,樹皮和繁殖器官凋落量受氣溫影響的同時(shí),也受到風(fēng)速和降雨量的影響,此兩種氣象因子變化的隨機(jī)性相對(duì)較大,因此枝,樹皮和繁殖器官凋落量的節(jié)律性相對(duì)并不明顯。另外,由于常綠和落葉樹種的葉凋落節(jié)律具有較大差異,因此,兩種生活型樹種的葉凋落量受不同氣象因子的影響。常綠樹種的葉凋落量受半月平均氣溫的正影響;落葉樹種受半月平均降水量的正影響。(3)2015年與2010年相比,樣地凋落物框周圍部分常綠樹種的種群數(shù)量和生物量都出現(xiàn)了明顯的增加,其中,增加明顯的常綠樹種,其凋落葉產(chǎn)量受種群增長(zhǎng)的影響也顯著增加。然而,落葉樹種種群數(shù)量和生物量的變化對(duì)同種凋落葉產(chǎn)量的影響不顯著。另外,種群數(shù)量和生物量增加較少,以及減少的物種,其種群數(shù)量和生物量的變化對(duì)凋落葉產(chǎn)量的影響也不顯著。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明,在常綠樹種中,種群的增長(zhǎng),會(huì)導(dǎo)致其凋落葉產(chǎn)量也隨之增加。綜上所述,在天童常綠闊葉林中,總凋落物量及葉凋落量受外部氣溫的影響,從而具有十分明顯的凋落節(jié)律。而對(duì)種群生物量增長(zhǎng)較快的常綠樹種,其葉凋落量在年際間也會(huì)顯著增加。因此,凋落物產(chǎn)量可能受到外部氣象因子和內(nèi)部種群變化的共同影響。
[Abstract]:Litter is an important part of the ecosystem. It is of great scientific significance to explore the influence factors of litter production changes to the study of the material circulation process in the forest ecosystem. External meteorological factors and internal population changes are considered to be the two common factors that potentially affect the yield of litter. The pertinence of long-term data is still relatively small. Therefore, based on the litter data collected in 2012-2016 years (5 years and 120 frequencies) in the dynamic monitoring sample of Zhejiang Tiantong, this study is based on the analysis of the total litter size and the correlation between the yield of each component and the change of the meteorological factors, and 2) the litter box week between 2010 and 2015 two surveys. The changes in the number of adjacent populations, the main results of this study were as follows: (1) 187 litter boxes (93.5 m2) collected litter 331.94 kg during 5 years, and the average annual litter amount was 686.84 G. M-2. A-1., and the leaf litter accounted for 72% of the total litter. The litter amount accounted for 16%, the litter amount accounted for 6.4%, the litter volume of the reproductive organs accounted for 3.8%, the litter size of the bark accounted for 2%., and the litter size was similar to that of the leaf litter, all of which were three peaks, while the branches, reproductive organs and the litter fall rhythm of the bark were not obvious. The above results indicate that litter is the most important litter in the litter. (2) the total amount of litter and the yield of the litter are different in response form and degree to different meteorological factors. The total amount of litter and the leaf litter are affected by the average temperature of the half moon; the branch litter is affected by the minimum temperature of the half moon, the average precipitation of the half moon and the average wind speed of the 10min; the bark litter is affected by the maximum wind speed of 1H, half a month. The mean precipitation and the positive influence of the minimum temperature of the half month; the litter size of the reproductive organs is affected by the average temperature of the half moon and the maximum wind speed of 1H. The above results show that the temperature is an important meteorological factor affecting the total amount of litter and the yield of each component. As the total amount of litter and the Ye Diaoluo amount are only affected by the temperature, and the temperature changes have a change. It is obvious rhythmicity, so the litterfall rhythm of litter and leaf litter is more obvious. While branches, bark and reproductive organs fall under the influence of air temperature, it is also influenced by wind speed and rainfall, and the randomness of these two kinds of meteorological factors is relatively large, so the rhythm of the litter of branches, bark and reproductive organs is relative relative. It is not obvious. In addition, the leaf litter of the evergreen and deciduous tree species is greatly different. Therefore, the leaf litter of two species of living species is affected by different meteorological factors. The leaf litter of evergreen species is positively affected by the average temperature of the half moon; the deciduous trees are affected by the average precipitation of the half moon. (3) compared with the year of 2015 and 2010, the leaf litter of the evergreen tree species was positively affected. The population and biomass of some evergreen trees around the litter frame increased significantly. Among them, the increase of the apparent evergreen tree species was significantly increased by the population growth. However, the changes in the population and biomass of deciduous tree species had no significant effect on the leaf yield of the same species. In the evergreen species, the growth of the population will lead to the increase in the yield of the litters in the evergreen tree species, and the total litter and leaf litter in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. With the influence of the external temperature, it has a very obvious decay rhythm, and the leaf litter of the evergreen species, which has a fast growth of the population biomass, also increases significantly in the interannual. Therefore, the yield of litter may be influenced by the changes of external meteorological factors and internal population.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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