本文選題：紅壤 + 坡耕地�。� 參考：《水土保持學(xué)報》2017年01期

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物在生長過程中其根系對土壤的固持作用可以減輕坡耕地土壤的養(yǎng)分流失,測定農(nóng)作物根系對徑流中養(yǎng)分流失的影響可以從側(cè)面評價不同作物的水土保持作用。選取云南主要農(nóng)作物玉米、馬鈴薯為研究對象,測定了不同種植模式下作物生育期內(nèi)坡耕地的產(chǎn)流次數(shù)、徑流量、土壤流失量、徑流中養(yǎng)分流失量以及通過采用剪切箱,在農(nóng)作物生育期對玉米、馬鈴薯單作與間作等3種種植模式下的作物根系特征進(jìn)行了測定。結(jié)果表明,在常規(guī)管理?xiàng)l件下,與單作模式相比,間作模式具有明顯減輕水土流失的作用。玉米馬鈴薯間作產(chǎn)流次數(shù)較馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作分別減少4次和2次;在開花期,玉米馬鈴薯間作處理較馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作處理徑流量分別減少了20.49%,27.15%;成熟期玉米馬鈴薯間作處理較馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作處理土壤流失量分別減少了49.67%,40.31%;在成熟期,玉米馬鈴薯間作處理徑流攜帶總磷養(yǎng)分流失最少,較馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作處理分別減少了78.06%,73.98%。成熟期玉米馬鈴薯間作處理的根長、根表面積、根體積與馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作處理的根長、根表面積、根體積達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05),間作處理較馬鈴薯單作、玉米單作處理根長分別增加了80.06%,73.54%。在全生育期,玉米馬鈴薯間作處理的根長、根表面積、根體積與徑流中總氮養(yǎng)分流失量分別達(dá)到顯著負(fù)相關(guān)和極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),說明間作種植模式下農(nóng)作物根系較單作更發(fā)達(dá),更有利于控制徑流中養(yǎng)分流失。
[Abstract]:The soil nutrient loss of sloping farmland can be alleviated by the holding effect of crop root system on soil during the growth process. The effect of crop root system on nutrient loss in runoff can be evaluated from the side side of the soil and water conservation function of different crops. In this paper, the main crops, maize and potato in Yunnan were selected as the research objects. The runoff times, runoff, soil loss, nutrient loss in runoff, and the amount of nutrients lost in runoff were measured under different cropping patterns. The root system characteristics of maize, potato monoculture and intercropping were measured during crop growth period. The results show that the intercropping model can reduce soil and water loss obviously compared with the monoculture model under the conventional management condition. The yield of maize and potato intercropping was 4 times and 2 times less than that of potato monoculture, and at flowering stage, maize potato intercropping was better than potato monoculture. The runoff of maize monoculture decreased 20.49% and 27.15%, the soil loss of maize intercropping and maize monoculture decreased 49.67% and 40.31%, respectively. The runoff of maize and potato intercropping had the least loss of total phosphorus, which was 78.06% and 73.98% less than that of potato monoculture and maize monoculture respectively. The root length, root surface area, root volume and potato monoculture of maize intercropping at maturity stage, the root length, root surface area and root volume of maize monoculture were significantly higher than that of potato monoculture, and the root length, root surface area and root volume of maize intercropping were significantly higher than that of potato monoculture. The root length of maize monoculture increased by 80.06 and 73.54 respectively. In the whole growth period, the root length, root surface area, root volume and total nitrogen nutrient loss in runoff were significantly negative and extremely negative correlation, respectively, which indicated that the crop root system was more developed in intercropping mode than in single cropping. It is more favorable to control nutrient loss in runoff.
【作者單位】： 云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41461059) 云南省教育廳基金項(xiàng)目(2013Y467) 科技創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)行動基金項(xiàng)目(2016ZKX068)
【分類號】：S157;S513;S532

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