發(fā)布時間：2018-05-05 01:28

  本文選題：生物炭 + 土壤養(yǎng)分��； 參考：《草業(yè)學(xué)報》2017年04期

【摘要】：探究施用生物炭對紫色土和黃壤的養(yǎng)分含量、酶活性、微生物數(shù)量、pH和作物生長狀況的影響,為西南地區(qū)紫色土和黃壤的改良提供理論依據(jù)和現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)。以紫色土和黃壤為研究對象,分別添加質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0(CK)、0.8%(CT1)、2.0%(CT2)和4.0%(CT3)的稻殼生物炭,通過180 d溫室油菜盆栽試驗,測定土壤性質(zhì)、土壤微生物數(shù)量、酶活性及植株生物量。結(jié)果表明,生物炭顯著改善了兩種土壤的性狀,且CT3效果最佳。添加生物炭后CT3黃壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、全鉀、堿解氮、有效磷和速效鉀含量分別是CK的1.3、1.2、4.0、1.1、0.9、33.1和18.0倍,而紫色土中則分別是CK的1.4、1.0、1.5、1.1、0.9、3.8和6.0倍;CT3顯著提高了土壤pH值,黃壤和紫色土分別提高了1.5和0.9個單位。生物炭顯著增加了兩種土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌的數(shù)量,促進(jìn)了紫色土真菌數(shù)量增長,CT3黃壤的細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量分別較CK增加了677%、395%;CT3紫色土的細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌數(shù)量較CK分別提高了20%、88%、82%。CT3紫色土的蔗糖酶和過氧化氫酶活性分別較CK提高了106%和30%,對脲酶活性無顯著影響;黃壤脲酶活性和過氧化氫酶活性較CK平均分別提高約150%和130%,但蔗糖酶活性平均降低了約40%。CT1對油菜的株高和生物量均有促進(jìn)作用,黃壤中分別增加了4.6和11.4倍,紫色土中分別增加了17%和8%,而其他處理均表現(xiàn)為抑制作用。施用適宜比例的稻殼生物炭可以改良紫色土和黃壤的酸度,提高土壤養(yǎng)分含量,改變微生物數(shù)量并改善作物生長狀況,可作為紫色土和黃壤的改良劑。
[Abstract]:The effects of biological charcoal on nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial quantity, pH and crop growth status in purple soil and yellow soil were investigated to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of purple soil and yellow soil in Southwest China. With purple soil and yellow soil, 0 (CK), 0.8% (CT1), 2% (CT2) and 4% (CT3) rice were added to the purple soil and yellow soil. The soil properties, soil microbial quantity, enzyme activity and plant biomass were measured by 180 d greenhouse rape pot experiments. The results showed that biological charcoal significantly improved two kinds of soil properties, and the effect of CT3 was the best. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content in CT3 yellow soil after adding biological carbon was added. Don't be CK 1.3,1.2,4.0,1.1,0.9,33.1 and 18 times, while purple soil is CK 1.4,1.0,1.5,1.1,0.9,3.8 and 6 times, CT3 significantly increases soil pH value, yellow soil and purple soil increased 1.5 and 0.9 units respectively. Biological carbon significantly increased two soil bacteria, the number of actinomycetes, the increase in the number of purple soil fungi, CT3 yellow Soil bacteria, actinomycetes increased by 677%, 395%, respectively, and CT3 purple soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi increased by 20%, 88%, 88%, 82%.CT3 purple soil sucrase and catalase activity increased by 106% and 30%, respectively, to urease activity, respectively; urease activity and catalase activity of yellow soil were more than that of CK, and the activity of urease and catalase were more than that of CK. The activity of sucrase increased by about 150% and 130% respectively, but the activity of sucrase decreased by about 40%.CT1 and increased by 4.6 and 11.4 times in yellow soil respectively, and 17% and 8% in purple soil respectively, while other treatments were inhibited. The suitable proportion of rice husk could improve purple soil and yellow soil. Acidity, improving soil nutrient content, changing microorganism quantity and improving crop growth condition can be used as an amendment to purple soil and yellow soil.

【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院重慶綠色智能技術(shù)研究院;
【基金】：科技部農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化資金項目(2013GB2F100396) 西南大學(xué)博士基金項目(SWU113018) 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項資金(XDJK2012C035)資助
【分類號】：S156.2

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