本文選題：龐泉溝自然保護區(qū) + 微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤微生物群落驅(qū)動土壤的碳、氮、磷、硫等物質(zhì)的生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán),在維持森林土壤碳匯和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能等諸多方面具有很重要的作用。本文通過分析環(huán)境與空間因素在森林土壤微生物群落構(gòu)建中的作用以及功能微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)在碳存儲及分解過程中的作用,旨在揭示溫帶森林土壤微生物群落構(gòu)建機制以及針葉林土壤微生物驅(qū)動的碳循環(huán)機制,可以為區(qū)域森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理措施的制定提供理論依據(jù)。山西省龐泉溝自然保護區(qū)位于呂梁山脈的關(guān)帝山腹地,主要保護對象是世界珍禽褐馬雞(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)以及以華北落葉松(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)、白gD(Picea meyeri)、青gD(Picea wilsonii)等天然次生林為主的棲息地。該區(qū)森林群落類型多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)差異明顯,可以在小尺度范圍內(nèi)忽略氣候因子的差異,研究森林植被類型和土壤因子對微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響,又可以利用不同的海拔高度研究氣候因子的影響。本文基于16s r DNA和核糖體ITSⅠ的高通量測序技術(shù)研究了該地區(qū)的常綠針葉林[青gD和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)]和落葉針葉林(華北落葉松)土壤中的細(xì)菌群落的結(jié)構(gòu)以及落葉闊葉林[白樺(Betula platyphylla)紅樺(Betula albosinensis Burkill)混交林]、常綠針葉林(青gD和油松)和落葉針葉林(華北落葉松)土壤中真菌群落的結(jié)構(gòu),并基于實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)研究了該區(qū)常綠針葉林(青gD、白gD和油松)和落葉針葉林(華北落葉松)中參與土壤碳循環(huán)的固碳功能基因cbb M、淀粉酶基因amylase以及纖維素酶基因cellulase的豐度及時空動態(tài),旨在揭示氣候、環(huán)境因子和植物群落對微生物群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的調(diào)控機制。據(jù)此,制定科學(xué)的森林撫育和管理措施,通過人為改善森林土壤環(huán)境,優(yōu)化土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),進而提高土壤碳匯,保持土壤碳庫的穩(wěn)定。本研究得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)基于16s rDNA的高通量測序技術(shù)的結(jié)果表明:1)土壤含水率、C/N比、pH和土壤酶活性與土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)顯著相關(guān)。其中,變形菌門中的大部分類群和擬桿菌門更適于生活在酸性、濕度大、營養(yǎng)狀況良好的土壤中,主要碳源是易分解碳;放線菌門、浮霉菌門和綠彎菌門則在堿性、干旱、營養(yǎng)貧瘠的土壤中更占優(yōu)勢,主要分解頑固性碳;2)地理距離與細(xì)菌群落的β多樣性之間顯著相關(guān)(R2=0.853),說明擴散限制對細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)有顯著影響。綜上所述,環(huán)境選擇和擴散限制的共同影響,是本研究中不同針葉林土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種多樣性顯著差異的主要因素。(2)基于核糖體ITSⅠ的高通量測序技術(shù)的結(jié)果證明:1)5個樣地中共有7個真菌門和33個優(yōu)勢真菌屬;2)冗余分析結(jié)果表明:土壤pH、溫度、含水率、全氮(TN)、銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)、全碳(TC)、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、林下植被優(yōu)勢度和均勻度與土壤真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)顯著相關(guān);3)聚類分析和PCA分析結(jié)果表明,森林植被類型、土壤環(huán)境因子和林下植被對土壤真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)影響顯著;4)空間變量(PCNM)分析結(jié)果表明,在局域尺度(local scale)上擴散限制對研究區(qū)域真菌群落構(gòu)建的影響不顯著。綜上所述,本研究區(qū)森林土壤真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)主要受到環(huán)境選擇的顯著影響,這些環(huán)境因子包括土壤pH、溫度、含水率、全氮(TN)、銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)、全碳(TC)、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、林下植被優(yōu)勢度和均勻度、森林類型。(3)森林土壤微生物碳代謝特征1)土壤微生物碳代謝功能基因的季節(jié)動態(tài)4月份隨著土壤溫度的回升,土壤碳分解功能基因的豐度提高;7月份碳分解相關(guān)的功能基因豐度較低;4月和10月易分解碳功能基因的豐度占優(yōu)勢,5月易分解碳和頑固性碳功能基因的豐度大致相同。該區(qū)針葉林土壤微生物群落中碳分解基因的豐度大于固碳基因的豐度。2)土壤理化性質(zhì)(pH和溫度)、土壤營養(yǎng)狀況(氮含量、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性)、土壤碳含量和森林類型,通過影響土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),決定碳代謝相關(guān)微生物的豐度,進而通過影響碳代謝功能基因的豐度來影響土壤碳代謝過程。(1)土壤pH和溫度會通過直接影響土壤功能微生物的活性進而對土壤碳循環(huán)過程產(chǎn)生影響;(2)土壤氮含量和土壤酶活性主要是通過改變土壤肥力來影響土壤功能微生物的活性,進而影響土壤碳循環(huán),并且,土壤氮含量對頑固性碳的分解能力影響較大;(3)土壤有機質(zhì)和有機碳含量對土壤碳循環(huán)影響最大,不僅會直接對土壤中的功能微生物活性產(chǎn)生影響,還會通過調(diào)節(jié)土壤的pH和土壤酶活性(脲酶和蔗糖酶)而間接影響土壤微生物的活性,最終影響土壤碳代謝過程。并且土壤有機質(zhì)的含量與土壤碳代謝功能基因豐度呈顯著正相關(guān),與易分解碳基因豐度/頑固性碳基因豐度(amylase/cellulase)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),說明隨著土壤中有機質(zhì)含量的增加,頑固性碳基因的豐度比易分解碳基因的豐度增長更快。(4)相同森林類型中的土壤碳代謝功能微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似,具有相似的土壤碳循環(huán)過程。
[Abstract]:Soil microbial communities drive soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and other biogeochemical cycles, which play an important role in maintaining forest soil carbon sequestration and ecosystem functions. This paper analyzes the role of environmental and spatial factors in the construction of microbial community in forest soil and the structure of functional microbial community in the forest soil. The role of carbon storage and decomposition is to reveal the mechanism of microbial community construction in temperate forest soil and the mechanism of carbon cycle driven by soil microbes in coniferous forests, which can provide theoretical basis for the establishment of regional forest ecosystem management measures. The Pang Quan gully natural conservation area in Shanxi province is located in the hinterland of Guandi mountain in the Lvliang mountains. The protection object is the world rare bird brown cheason (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) and the natural secondary forest, such as the Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii, the white gD (Picea meyeri), the green gD (Picea wilsonii) and so on. The forest community has many types and distinct structural differences, and the climate can be ignored in the small scale. The effects of forest vegetation types and soil factors on microbial community structure and function were studied, and the effects of climate factors could be studied at different altitudes. Based on the high throughput sequencing technology of 16S R DNA and ribosome ITS I, the evergreen coniferous forests in this area [green gD and pine (Pinus tabulaeformis)] were studied. The structure of the bacterial community in the soil of the deciduous coniferous forest (Larix Larix) and the deciduous broadleaf forest [Betula platyphylla (Betula albosinensis Burkill) mixed forest], the structure of the Fungi Community in the evergreen coniferous forest (green gD and Pinus tabulaeformis) and the deciduous coniferous forest (Larix Larix) soil, and based on the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR Technology The abundances of carbon sequestration gene CBB M, amylase gene amylase and cellulase gene cellulase in the evergreen coniferous forest (green gD, white gD and Pinus tabulaeformis) and deciduous coniferous forest (Larix gmelinii) were investigated to reveal the structure and function of climate, environmental factors and plant communities on microbial communities. According to this, scientific forest tending and management measures are made to improve the soil microbial community structure by artificially improving the forest soil environment, and then to improve soil carbon sink and keep the stability of soil carbon pool. The following main conclusions are obtained: (1) the results of high throughput sequencing based on 16S rDNA show that soil moisture content, C/N ratio, pH and soil enzyme activity are significantly related to soil bacterial community structure. Most of the groups and bacteriobacteria in the Proteus doors are more suitable for living in acid, humidity, and nutritious soil, the main carbon source is carbon dioxide, actinomycetes, floating fungi and green Bens are in alkaline, arid, and barren soil. More dominant, mainly decomposition of refractory carbon; 2) significant correlation between geographical distance and bacterial community beta diversity (R2=0.853), indicating that diffusion restriction has a significant impact on the structure of bacterial community. In the summary, the common influence of environmental selection and diffusion restriction is the significant diversity of different coniferous forest soil bacteria community structure and species diversity in this study. The main factors of the difference. (2) the results of high throughput sequencing based on ribosome ITS I proved that 1) there were 7 fungal gates and 33 dominant fungi in 5 samples; 2) the results of soil redundancy analysis showed that soil pH, temperature, water content, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total carbon (TC), invertase activity, urease activity, vegetation dominance and uniformity under forest The results of cluster analysis and PCA analysis showed that forest vegetation types, soil environmental factors and understory vegetation had significant influence on soil fungal community structure, and 4) spatial variable (PCNM) analysis showed that diffusion restriction on local scale (local scale) had effect on the construction of fungal community in the study area. 3 Not significant. To sum up, the forest soil fungal community structure in this study area is mainly affected by environmental selection. These environmental factors include soil pH, temperature, water content, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total carbon (TC), urease activity, invertase activity, forest vegetation dominance and uniformity, forest type. (3) forest soil microbial carbon Metabolic characteristics 1) the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial carbon metabolism function gene in April, with the recovery of soil temperature, the abundance of carbon decomposition function genes in soil increased, the abundance of functional genes related to carbon decomposition in July was lower, and the abundance of carbon functional genes in April and October was dominant, and in May, carbon and stubborn carbon function genes were easily plentiful in May. The abundance of carbon decomposition genes in soil microbial communities in coniferous forests of this area is greater than that of carbon sequestration gene (.2). Soil physical and chemical properties (pH and temperature), soil nutrition status (nitrogen content, urease activity, invertase activity), soil carbon content and forest types, influence soil microbial community structure, determine carbon metabolism related microbiology. The abundance of objects affects soil carbon metabolism by affecting the abundance of carbon metabolism function genes. (1) soil pH and temperature will affect soil carbon cycle by directly affecting the activity of soil functional microorganisms, and (2) soil nitrogen content and soil enzyme activity are mainly influenced by soil fertility by changing soil fertility. Biological activity, and then influence soil carbon cycle, and soil nitrogen content has great influence on the decomposition ability of stubborn carbon. (3) soil organic matter and organic carbon content have the greatest influence on soil carbon cycle, which not only directly affect the activity of functional microorganisms in soil, but also regulate soil pH and soil enzyme activity (urease and urease). Invertase indirectly influenced soil microbial activity and eventually influenced soil carbon metabolism, and the content of soil organic matter was positively correlated with the abundance of soil carbon metabolism function gene, which was negatively correlated with the abundances of carbon gene abundances and the abundances of stubborn carbon (amylase/cellulase), indicating that the content of organic matter in the soil was with the content of organic matter. In addition, the abundances of the stubborn carbon genes increased faster than the abundances of the carbon genes. (4) the microbial community structure of soil carbon metabolism in the same forest types was similar, with similar soil carbon cycle process.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.3

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