本文選題：有機(jī)固廢 + 無機(jī)固廢　； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生產(chǎn)與生活所產(chǎn)生的大量有機(jī)與無機(jī)固體廢棄物的處理與處置方式涉及到人們的生活環(huán)境與資源的循環(huán)利用,因此在對(duì)其有關(guān)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了解的基礎(chǔ)上加以科學(xué)合理的利用,是一項(xiàng)很有意義和應(yīng)用前景的工作。本研究主要圍繞本地區(qū)的產(chǎn)生量大且具有一定代表性的有機(jī)和無機(jī)固廢開展工作,探討利用它們制備人工土壤的可能性,并了解在此過程中一些重要參數(shù)的變化,為進(jìn)一步將該技術(shù)應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際提供參考。根據(jù)就地取材以及是否經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則,試驗(yàn)選取了本地區(qū)產(chǎn)生量較大的有機(jī)固廢生活污泥、牛糞、蚯蚓糞和無機(jī)固廢粉煤灰、脫硫石膏、鋼渣、煤矸石作為試驗(yàn)原料,進(jìn)行配制生產(chǎn)人工土壤的試驗(yàn)。其中有機(jī)固廢以生活污泥、牛糞和蚓糞為主,輔以菌菇渣；無機(jī)固廢已粉煤灰為主,輔以脫硫石膏、鋼渣和煤矸石。有機(jī)物與無機(jī)物的重量比分別為1：1、1：2、1：3,因此共設(shè)9個(gè)處理。通過恒溫恒濕培養(yǎng)后,對(duì)終產(chǎn)物人工土壤的物理、化學(xué)、生物學(xué)性質(zhì)加以測定。試驗(yàn)獲得了以下主要結(jié)果：(1)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,按不同材料和不同比例配制形成的9個(gè)人工土壤中,水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體的含量多數(shù)已達(dá)到自然土壤中水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體的含量范圍,證實(shí)了本試驗(yàn)所確定的同廢種類、混合比例及培養(yǎng)方式可以賦予產(chǎn)物人工土壤類似于自然土壤的基本物理性質(zhì)。(2)有機(jī)固廢在培養(yǎng)過程中的轉(zhuǎn)化會(huì)影響產(chǎn)物的pH,因此采用一般的pH值臨界法所預(yù)測的理論pH值與實(shí)測值相差較大。本試驗(yàn)采用在同種有機(jī)組分處理內(nèi)部僅考慮一種主要有機(jī)固廢(生活污泥、或牛糞、或蚓糞)和無機(jī)固廢中粉煤灰的pH值,再通過pH臨界值法進(jìn)行計(jì)算,所得到的預(yù)測值與實(shí)測值更為相近。所有處理經(jīng)培養(yǎng)后制備的人工土壤,其酸堿性基本符合植物生長需求。(3)在人工土壤的制備過程中,加入的有機(jī)碳會(huì)發(fā)生降解,導(dǎo)致有機(jī)碳含量大大減少,因此在配制時(shí)有機(jī)組分應(yīng)占較大比例。本試驗(yàn)表明,在有機(jī)固廢與無機(jī)固廢比例為1：3時(shí),采用污泥和蚓糞處理所得到的人工土壤中,有機(jī)質(zhì)的殘留量已降到6%以下,接近較肥沃自然土壤中有機(jī)碳的含量。因此,在以這兩種有機(jī)固廢為主制備人工土壤時(shí),不應(yīng)該再繼續(xù)加大原料配比中的無機(jī)固廢所占的比例。(4)就土壤中最重要的氮素營養(yǎng)而言,三種有機(jī)固廢處理中,由于污泥和蚓糞處理的碳／氮比相對(duì)較小,因此培養(yǎng)過程中有機(jī)氮的礦化作用較強(qiáng),使無機(jī)氮增加較多,且銨態(tài)氮向硝態(tài)氮的轉(zhuǎn)化明顯。而牛糞處理的碳／氮比較大,雖然有機(jī)氮的礦化作用也很強(qiáng),但釋放的銨態(tài)氮被氧化成硝態(tài)氮后,又被微生物大量利用,因此在以牛糞為主制備的人工土壤上,無機(jī)氮的總含量明顯較低。(5)本試驗(yàn)所采用的固廢原材料中,重金屬含量均沒有超過國家允許的固廢農(nóng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此可以用來制備人工土壤。對(duì)9個(gè)制成的人工土壤所進(jìn)行的生物毒性試驗(yàn)表明,它們都不具有生物毒性,說明本試驗(yàn)采用的材料和方法所制備的人工土壤具有環(huán)境安全性和生物安全性。(6)基于上述結(jié)果可以初步確定,利用本地區(qū)現(xiàn)有的這些固體廢棄物制備人工土壤是可行的。采用本試驗(yàn)方法處理固廢,既減少了固廢隨意堆放后對(duì)環(huán)境的污染,制備的人工土壤還可以解決一些苗圃產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)土壤資源短缺的矛盾,同時(shí)可獲得一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,促進(jìn)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The treatment and disposal of a large number of organic and inorganic solid waste produced by the production and life of modern society involves the recycling of people's living environment and resources. Therefore, it is a very intentional and application prospect on the basis of understanding the relevant nature of the organic and inorganic solid waste. A large and representative organic and inorganic solid waste has been developed around this area to explore the possibility of using them to prepare artificial soil, and to understand the changes in some important parameters in this process, to provide reference for further application of the technology to production practice. The organic solid waste sewage sludge, cow dung, earthworm feces and inorganic solid waste fly ash, desulphurization gypsum, steel slag and coal gangue as experimental raw materials, were selected as the experimental raw materials, and the organic solid wastes were mainly used as living sludge, cow dung and vermis dung supplemented with mushroom residue, inorganic solid waste and fly ash, supplemented by inorganic solid waste. The weight ratio of organic matter and inorganic substance is 1:1,1:2,1:3, respectively, with the weight ratio of organic matter and inorganic substance, respectively. Therefore, 9 treatments are set up. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the artificial soil of the final products are measured by constant temperature and constant humidity culture. The experiment results have obtained the following main results: (1) the test results show that different materials and different results have been shown. In the 9 artificial soil formed by proportions, the content of water stable aggregate has reached the content range of water stable aggregates in natural soil. It is proved that the same waste species, mixing proportion and culture mode determined by this experiment can give the basic physical properties of artificial soil similar to natural soil. (2) organic solid waste in culture. The transformation in the process will affect the pH of the product, so the theoretical pH value predicted by the general pH value critical method is quite different from the measured value. In this experiment, the pH values of the main organic solid waste (living sludge, or cow dung, or vermis manure) and the fly ash in the non machine solid waste are considered in the same type of unit treatment, and then by the pH critical value method. The calculated value is similar to the measured value. The acidity and alkalinity of all treated artificial soil prepared after cultivation are basically in line with the plant growth demand. (3) the organic carbon will degrade in the process of artificial soil preparation, and the organic carbon content is greatly reduced, so there should be a large proportion of the unit in the preparation. The experiment shows that the residual amount of organic matter has fallen to less than 6% when the ratio of organic solid waste and inorganic solid waste is 1:3, the residual amount of organic matter has been reduced to less than 6% in the artificial soil treated with sludge and vermis manure. Therefore, it should not continue to increase the raw material in the preparation of artificial soil with these two kinds of organic solid wastes. The proportion of inorganic solid waste in the ratio. (4) in terms of the most important nitrogen nutrition in the soil, in the three organic solid waste treatment, the ratio of carbon / nitrogen in the treatment of sludge and earthworm excrement is relatively small, so the mineralization of organic nitrogen is stronger in the process of culture, and the inorganic nitrogen is increased more, and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is obvious. The carbon / nitrogen is relatively large, although the mineralization of organic nitrogen is very strong, but the released ammonium nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen and is used by microbes. Therefore, the total content of inorganic nitrogen is lower in the artificial soil prepared mainly by cow dung. (5) there is no more heavy metal content in the solid waste raw materials used in this experiment. The farm standard allowed by the family can be used to produce artificial soil. The biotoxicity test of 9 artificial soils shows that they are not biotoxic, indicating the environmental safety and biological safety of the artificial soil prepared by the materials and methods used in this experiment. (6) based on the above results, the results can be found. It is feasible to make use of the existing solid waste in the local area to prepare artificial soil. This method can not only reduce the pollution of the solid waste, but also reduce the pollution of the environment after the solid waste stacking. The artificial soil prepared can also solve the shortage of soil resources in some nursery industrial parks, and can also obtain certain economic benefits. Promote the sustainable development of society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S15;X705

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