本文選題：竹炭 + 死豬炭�。� 參考：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著國家對農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。在通過增施氮肥達(dá)到增產(chǎn)目的的同時(shí),隨之而來的環(huán)境問題也日益嚴(yán)重。過量施加氮肥帶來了水體富營養(yǎng)化、土壤氨揮發(fā)以及N_2O排放等問題。生物質(zhì)炭作為一種新型土壤改良劑,在合理施用下可以提高土壤養(yǎng)分,促進(jìn)作物增產(chǎn),同時(shí)可以降低土壤氨揮發(fā)和減少N_2O排放。本論文選取蔬菜大棚進(jìn)行田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),以空心菜-小青菜輪作為主要研究對象,選取竹炭和死豬炭兩種生物質(zhì)炭作為土壤改良劑,研究不同施炭方式(一次性施用20 t·hm~(-2)、20 t·hm~(-2)均分兩次施加)對設(shè)施蔬菜產(chǎn)量、植株全氮含量、土壤pH、無機(jī)氮等基本理化性質(zhì)的影響。同時(shí)采用密閉室間歇式抽氣法和靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法對輪作期間的土壤氨揮發(fā)和N_2O排放量進(jìn)行了跟蹤監(jiān)測。以期為優(yōu)化生物質(zhì)炭的田間應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.與對照相比,一次性施用死豬炭處理顯著提高了空心菜和小青菜土壤pH,而其他生物質(zhì)炭處理對土壤pH無顯著性影響。一次性施用和分批施用死豬炭處理顯著(p0.05)提高了小青菜產(chǎn)量,而竹炭的兩種處理卻降低了第一茬空心菜產(chǎn)量。一次性施用死豬炭和竹炭處理僅顯著(p0.05)提高了空心菜根系全氮含量,對小青菜季根系全氮含量無顯著性影響,而分批施用死豬炭處理顯著提高了小青菜根系全氮含量。死豬炭和竹炭的施用對土壤硝態(tài)氮含量、蔬菜地上部全氮含量均無顯著性影響。2.與對照相比,一次性施用死豬炭處理下兩季土壤氨揮發(fā)總量顯著(p0.05)降低了50.61%;分批施用的竹炭和死豬炭僅顯著(p0.05)降低了空心菜季土壤的氨揮發(fā)量,但對兩季蔬菜的氨揮發(fā)總量無顯著影響。一次性施用竹炭處理下兩季蔬菜的N_2O排放總量相比較于對照顯著(p0.05)降低了26.63%。兩種生物質(zhì)炭在降低土壤氨揮發(fā)和N_2O排放的過程中,一次性施用效果好于分批施用。綜上所述,一次性施用的兩種生物質(zhì)炭比分兩次施用能夠更有效地提高作物產(chǎn)量和土壤pH值,并且降低土壤氨揮發(fā)損失和N_2O排放量。生物質(zhì)炭的一次性施用方式在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中更為經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)保。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the adjustment of rural industrial structure, agriculture develops rapidly. At the same time, the environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has brought about eutrophication, ammonia volatilization and N _ 2O emission. As a new soil modifier, biomass carbon can increase soil nutrients, increase crop yield, reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission under reasonable application. In this paper, the vegetable greenhouse was selected for the field experiment, and the two kinds of biomass carbon, bamboo charcoal and dead pig charcoal, were chosen as the soil improver. The effects of different carbon application methods (20 t / h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) on vegetable yield, plant total nitrogen content, soil pH, inorganic nitrogen and other basic physical and chemical properties were studied in this paper. The effects of different carbon application (20 t / h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) on vegetable yield, plant total nitrogen content, soil pH, inorganic nitrogen and so on were studied. At the same time, the ammonia volatilization and N2O emission of soil during crop rotation were monitored by intermittent air extraction in closed chamber and static box-gas chromatography. In order to optimize the field application of biomass carbon to provide scientific basis. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the control, the soil pH was significantly increased by single application of dead pig charcoal, while the soil pH was not significantly affected by other biomass carbon treatments. Single application and batch application of dead pig charcoal significantly increased the yield of small green vegetables, while the two treatments of bamboo charcoal decreased the yield of the first batch of hollow vegetables. Single application of dead pig charcoal and bamboo charcoal only significantly increased the total nitrogen content of the root system, but had no significant effect on the total nitrogen content of the root system of small green vegetables, while the total nitrogen content of the root system of small green vegetables was significantly increased by applying dead pig charcoal in batches. The application of dead pig charcoal and bamboo charcoal had no significant effect on nitrate content in soil and total nitrogen content in aboveground part of vegetable. Compared with the control, the total amount of ammonia volatilization of soil decreased significantly (p 0.05) in the next two seasons by applying dead pig charcoal at one time, and the ammonia volatilization of the soil in the season was decreased by applying bamboo charcoal and dead pig charcoal in batches only significantly (p 0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the total ammonia volatilization of vegetables in two seasons. Compared with the control, the total N _ 2O emission of vegetables treated with bamboo charcoal was 26.63% lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). In the process of reducing soil ammonia volatilization and N _ 2O emission, the one-off application effect of two biomass carbon was better than that of batch application. To sum up, the two-time application of two biomass carbon can increase crop yield and soil pH more effectively, and reduce soil ammonia volatilization loss and N _ 2O emission. The one-off application of biomass carbon is more economical and environmentally friendly in agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S626;S158

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